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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335
confusion
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noun /kənˈfjuːʒ(ə)n/
  1. 1
    [U] a feeling that you do not understand something or cannot decide what to do 迷惑；困惑
    confusion about/over :

    There seems to be some confusion about who actually won. 到底谁赢了似乎还不太清楚。

    confusion as to :

    There was some confusion as to his real identity. 他的真实身份还搞不太清楚。

    cause/create/lead to confusion :

    These changes have just caused more confusion among teachers. 这些变化在老师们中引起了更大的混乱。

    in confusion :

    She stared at him in confusion. 她用迷茫的目光盯着他。

     Synonyms and related words
    Feelings of confusion and distraction: confusion, ambiguity, bewilderment...
  2. 2
    [U] a situation in which things are untidy, badly organized, or not clear 混乱状态

    Inside the building was a scene of total confusion. 楼里是一派乱七八糟的景象。

    in (all) the confusion :

    In all the confusion, we lost sight of each other. 混乱中我们找不着对方了。

    confusion reigns :

    Confusion reigned as officials finally tried to sort out who had won the race. 裁判员最后试图弄清谁在赛跑中胜出时，场上出现了混乱。

     Synonyms and related words
    Untidiness and untidy situations: omnishambles, mess, chaos...
  3. 3
    [singular/uncountable] a situation in which you mistake one person or thing for another 混淆；错认

    Could there have been a confusion of identities? 会不会是认错人了？

    avoid confusion :

    The wires are colour-coded to avoid confusion. 电线用不同颜色标记以避免混淆。

     Synonyms and related words
    Mistakes: fail, miscommunication, error...
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335
confusion

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONFUSION | CONFUSION + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤complete, total, utter徹底的混亂▸➤considerable, great相當嚴重的／極度的混亂▸➤mild, slight略微的／輕微的混亂▸➤general, mass, widespread整體的／大規模的／普遍的混亂➤understandable可以理解的混亂◇They are very hard to tell apart, so the confusion is understandable.很難把他們區分開來，所以混淆是可以理解的。➤pure完全不明白◇His expression was one of pure confusion.他顯出一副完全摸不着頭腦的表情。➤initial最初的困惑➤momentary一時的困惑➤unnecessary不必要的混亂▸➤mental神志不清➤ensuing, resulting接踵而來的／因而發生的混亂VERB + CONFUSION➤avoid, prevent避免／防止混亂◇a few key tips to help you avoid any confusion有助於避免混淆的幾條關鍵提示◇I kept my ex-husband's last name to prevent confusion.我保留了前夫的姓氏以避免引起混亂。➤cause, create, generate, lead to, result in, sow造成混亂；引起混亂；產生混亂；導致混亂▸➤add to加劇混亂◇This latest decision has only added to the general confusion.最近的這個決定只是加劇了總體的混亂。➤minimize盡可能減少混亂◇medication labels that minimize confusion盡量減少混亂的藥品標籤➤clarify, clear up, dispel, eliminate澄清困惑；消除混亂；驅除困惑；排除混亂▸➤plunge sb/sth into, throw sb/sth into使⋯陷入混亂；使⋯驚慌失措◇The office has been thrown into total confusion by her resignation.她的辭職使辦事處陷入一片混亂。➤sense感覺到混亂◇I could sense her confusion and frustration.我能感覺到她的困惑與沮喪。CONFUSION + VERB➤arise, reign混亂發生；一切都很混亂◇Confusion reigns when two managers give conflicting instructions.兩位經理給出的指示相互矛盾，一切都亂套了。➤surround sth混亂圍繞⋯發生◇The government needs to clear up the confusion surrounding its policy on water.政府需要釐清混亂的水務政策。PREPOSITION➤in (the) confusion在迷惑中◇She stared at them both in utter confusion.她盯着他倆，完全不知所措。◇In the confusion that followed, she managed to slip away unnoticed.在接下來的混亂中，她設法神不知鬼不覺地溜走了。➤confusion about, confusion over, confusion regarding關於⋯的困惑◇There is widespread confusion about the government's health policy.對於政府的衞生政策，人們普遍覺得費解。◇There has been considerable confusion regarding the facts of her death.人們對她死亡一事感到頗為費解。➤confusion among⋯中的混亂◇The announcement caused a lot of confusion among the students.這個佈告令學生大惑不解。➤confusion as to關於⋯的困惑◇confusion as to the whereabouts of the man關於這名男子行踪的疑團➤confusion between⋯之間的混淆◇confusion between letters of the alphabet分不清字母表中的字母➤confusion with分不清⋯與⋯◇the confusion of this book with her last one把這本書與她上一本書弄混PHRASES➤a scene of confusion, a state of confusion混亂的景象／狀態▸➤to avoid confusion為避免混亂◇To avoid confusion, label each box clearly.為了避免混亂，給每一個盒子貼上清楚的標籤。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335
confusion noun
⇨ chaos (The smoke bombs created confusion and panic.) ⇨ doubt 1 (confusion about what to do next)

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