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bitter bitter
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adjective 
/ˈbɪtə(r)/
/ˈbɪtə(r)/ - 1feeling angry or upset because of a bad experience, especially when you think that you have been treated unfairly （尤指受到不公正对待时）愤怒的，苦恼的bitter about :
I'm still bitter about the whole affair. 我对整件事仍然愤愤不平。
Synonyms and related wordsFeeling angry or annoyed: angry, annoyed, upset...Synonyms and related wordsFeeling disappointed: disappointed, disillusioned, dismayed...- a.involving very angry feelings 激烈的；充满愤怒的
a bitter dispute/divorce case 激烈的争执/火药味十足的离婚案
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words used to describe emotions: acutely, affective, basic... - b.used about a determined and angry enemy or opponent （敌人或对手）势不两立的，怀恨的
one of the President's most bitter critics 对总统态度最激烈的批评者之一
They had always been bitter rivals. 他们一直是势不两立的竞争对手。
Synonyms and related wordsEnemies and describing enemies: enemy, opponent, adversary...
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- 2[usually before noun] making you feel very unhappy or disappointed 令人非常不愉快的；令人痛苦的；令人失望的a bitter blow/disappointment :
It was a bitter blow when he lost his job. 他丢了工作，这对他是个沉重打击。
Synonyms and related wordsMaking you feel sad or upset: sad, unhappy, depressing... - 3something that is bitter has a strong sharp taste that is not sweet 有苦味的；苦的Synonyms and related wordsWords used to describe specific tastes and flavours: acid, acidic, aged...
phrases
derived word
bitterness
noun [U] Synonyms and related words
Sadness and unhappiness: sadness, depression, grief...
noun [C/U] /ˈbɪtə(r)/
/ˈbɪtə(r)/ | singular | bitter |
| plural | bitters |
- a type of dark beer that tastes bitter, or a glass of this beer （一杯）苦啤酒Synonyms and related wordsBeer and lager: ale, amber fluid, beer...
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bitter adj.
⇨ bitter 1 (a bitter taste) ⇨ bitter 2 (bitter feelings) ⇨ freezing (a bitter wind) bitter 1 a bitter taste 苦味 bitter feelings 痛苦的感情 bitter ♦︎ pungent ♦︎ sour ♦︎ acrid ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ acid These words all describe a strong, unpleasant taste or smell. 这些词均表示味道或气味强烈的、令人不适的。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp / an acid taste / flavour ◆ a bitter / a pungent / a sour / an acrid / a sharp / an acid smell / odour ◆ a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp scent ◆ a bitter / a sour / a sharp / an acid fruit ◆ a pungent / sharp cheese ◆ pungent / acrid smoke ◆ to taste bitter / sour / sharp ◆ to smell bitter / sharp ■ bitter (of a taste or smell) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or drink) having a bitter taste （味道或气味）强烈而令人不适的；（食物或饮料）味苦的 ◆ bitter coffee / chocolate苦咖啡；苦巧克力 ◆ The drink tasted bitter.这种饮料味苦。 ◆ This plant is ignored by livestock because of the bitter taste.因为味苦，家畜不吃这种植物。 ■ pungent ˈpʌndʒənt (of a smell or taste) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or smoke) having a pungent smell or taste （气味或味道）强烈而令人不适的；（食物）刺激性的，辛辣的；（烟）呛人的，刺鼻的 ◆ the pungent smell of burning rubber烧橡胶的刺鼻气味 ◆ The air was pungent with the smell of spices.空气里充满了各种香料的刺激性气味。 ■ sour (of a taste) bitter like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having a sour taste （味道）酸的；（食物或饮料）有酸味的 ◆ Too much pulp produces a sour wine.过多的果肉会让酒变酸。 OPP sweet ⓘ Sweet food contains sugar or tastes of sugar. * sweet指食物含糖的、甜的 ◆ I need a cup of hot sweet tea.我需要一杯加糖的热茶。 ◆ This wine is too sweet for me.这种葡萄酒对我来说太甜了。 sour ⇨ rotten ■ acrid ˈækrɪd (of a smell or taste) strong and unpleasant; (of smoke) having an acrid smell （气味或味道）刺激的，难闻的；（烟）呛人的，刺鼻的 ◆ The fog was yellow and acrid and bit at the back of the throat.雾的颜色发黄，气味呛人，直刺喉根。 ■ sharp (of a taste or smell) strong and slightly bitter; (of food or drink) having a sharp taste （味道或气味）强烈而略苦的，刺鼻的；（食物或饮料）味苦的，辛辣的 ◆ The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste.这奶酪味道很冲。 ■ acid (of a taste or smell) bitter, like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having an acid taste （味道）酸的；（气味）有刺激性的；（食物或饮料）有酸味的 ◆ It's a very juicy fruit with a slightly acid flavour.这种水果多汁，味道略酸。 NOTE 辨析 Bitter , sour , sharp and acid are all used more for tastes. Pungent and acrid are used more for smells. A bitter taste is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the bitter flavour of coffee or chocolate. You cannot use any other word to describe this flavour. * bitter、sour、sharp和acid多用以形容味道。pungent和acrid多用以形容气味。bitter表示味苦，通常令人不适，有些人却喜欢咖啡或巧克力的苦味，其他词都不能描述这种味道 ◆ pungent/sour/acrid/sharp/acid coffee/chocolate Sour and acid both describe the taste of a lemon or fruit that is not ripe. Sour is usually a negative term; acid can be negative or simply descriptive. A sharp or pungent flavour is more strong than unpleasant, especially when describing cheese. * sour和acid均指柠檬或未成熟水果的那种酸味。sour通常作贬义；acid既可作贬义，也可作客观描述。sharp或pungent主要强调味道强烈，而非令人不适，在描述奶酪的味道时尤其如此 ◆ bitter/sour/acrid/acid cheese A pungent smell is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the pungent smell of rich, spicy food. An acrid smell is always unpleasant; acrid is not used for the smell of food. * pungent指气味有刺激性，通常令人不适，但有些人却喜欢油腻、调料重的食物的浓烈气味。acrid指气味刺激难闻，总是令人不适；acrid不用于形容食物的气味。 bitter 2 a bitter taste 苦味 bitter feelings 痛苦的感情 bitter ♦︎ sour ♦︎ resentful ♦︎ acrimonious ♦︎ embittered These words all describe people feeling angry and unhappy after a bad experience. 这些词均表示因糟糕的经历而感到愤愤不平、闷闷不乐。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ bitter / resentful about sth ◆ bitter / resentful towards sb ◆ a bitter / a sour / an embittered man ◆ a sour / resentful expression ◆ a bitter / an acrimonious debate / dispute / divorce ■ bitter (of people) feeling very angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly; (of situations) full of angry feelings and words （人）愤愤不平的；（状况）怨声载道的 ◆ He is very bitter about losing his job.他丢了工作，心里很不服气。 ◆ She bit her lip hard to stop the rush of bitter words.她使劲咬着嘴唇，把到嘴边的刻薄话咽回去了。 ◆ They are locked in a bitter custody battle over their three children.他们为三个孩子的监护权陷入了一场激烈的争夺之中。 bitterness ⇨ resentment ▸ bitterly ◆ They complained bitterly.他们气愤地抱怨。 ■ sour feeling or expressing bitterness or disappointment 阴郁的；闷闷不乐的；沮丧的 ◆ She was a sour and disillusioned old woman.她是一个心灰意冷、幻想破灭的老女人。 ◆ The meeting ended on a sour note with several people walking out.数人退场，会议不欢而散。 ◆ As time went by the marriage turned sour .时日推移，这桩婚姻逐渐产生问题。 ⓘ Sour is not usually followed by a preposition. * sour后通常不接介词 ◆ She was sour about it. sour ⇨ influence verb ▸ sourly ◆ 'Who asked you?' he said sourly.“谁问你了？”他没好气地说。 ■ resentful rɪˈzentfl (written ) feeling bitter or angry about sth that you think is unfair 感到气愤的；憎恨的；愤慨的 ◆ She was resentful at having been left out of the team.她对于被摈出团队感到气愤。 ◆ They seemed to be resentful of our presence there.他们好像对我们出现在那里很生气。 resent ⇨ resent , resentment ⇨ resentment ▸ resentfully ◆ He looked at me resentfully.他满怀怨恨地看着我。 NOTE 辨析 Bitter feelings are the strongest and most openly expressed. * bitter所表达的感情最强烈、最公开 ◆ feeling extremely / intensely / very bitter感到极其／非常／十分痛苦 ◆ a bitter laugh / smile苦笑 If you feel sour or resentful it may be less obvious. * sour或resentful所表达的感情也许没那么明显 ◆ vaguely / silently resentful略感气愤；生闷气 ◆ resentful eyes满含怨愤的眼神 ◆ a sour face阴郁的脸色 Sour especially describes relationships which may go/turn sour . * go/turn sour尤指关系变坏、恶化。 ■ acrimonious ˌækrɪˈməʊniəs; NAmE ˌækrɪˈmoʊniəs (formal ) (of a situation) angry and full of strong bitter feelings and words （状况）怨声载道的，恶言相向的 ◆ His parents went through an acrimonious divorce.他的父母在激烈争吵中离了婚。 acrimony ⇨ resentment ▸ acrimoniously ◆ The relationship ended acrimoniously.这段关系在怨愤中结束了。 ■ embittered (formal , written ) feeling angry and unhappy about sth over a long period of time （长期）怨愤的，沮丧的，苦恼的 ◆ He died an embittered man.他含怨而终。
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