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IELTS BNC: 2010 COCA: 2291
independence
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noun [U] /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/
  1. 1
    freedom from control by another country or organization 独立；自主

    Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence. 立陶宛是（前）苏联中第一个宣布独立的国家。

    independence from :

    The pressure group maintains complete independence from all political parties. 压力集团完全独立于所有政党之外。

     Synonyms and related words
    Freedom and independence: autarky, freedom, independence...
    Collocates: independence
    Verbs frequently used with independence as the object
    ▪  achieve, declare, gain, lose, maintain, preserve, recognize, retain, win
  2. 2
    the ability to make decisions and live your life free from the control or influence of other people 自立能力

    The hospital is committed to preserving the dignity and independence of patients. 医院承诺维护病人的尊严和独立。

    economic/financial independence :

    Employment gave young women a measure of economic independence. 工作赋予了年轻女性一定程度的经济独立。

     Synonyms and related words
    Freedom and independence: autarky, freedom, independence...
Get It Right!: independence
Note that the correct spelling is independence ( not ‘independance' or ‘indipendence'):
✗ Financial independance implies earning a living.
✓ Financial independence implies earning a living.
The related adjective is independent ( not ‘independant').
➡  independent
IELTS BNC: 2010 COCA: 2291
independence

noun

ADJECTIVE | ... OF INDEPENDENCE | VERB + INDEPENDENCE | INDEPENDENCE + VERB | INDEPENDENCE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤➤great偉大的獨立➤fierce強烈的獨立◇She had a fierce independence of spirit.她具有強烈的精神獨立性。➤complete, full, total完整的／全面的／完全的獨立▸➤relative相對的獨立◇The council's relative independence of the government means it can negotiate its own agreements.市政會相對獨立於政府，意味着它可以自主談判簽訂協議。➤genuine, real, true真正的獨立➤new-found新獲得的獨立◇I didn't appreciate my new-found independence, but instead felt lonely.對於新獲得的獨立我沒覺得享受，反而感覺孤獨。➤➤growing越來越獨立➤local, national地方的／國家的獨立▸➤economic, editorial, financial, intellectual, journalistic, judicial, operational, personal, political, professional經濟上的獨立；編輯獨立；財政獨立；智力上獨立；新聞獨立；司法獨立；經營上的獨立；個人獨立；政治上的獨立自主；專業獨立◇the operational independence of the Bank of England英格蘭銀行的經營獨立性... OF INDEPENDENCE➤degree, measure一定程度的獨立VERB + INDEPENDENCE➤have擁有獨立◇Young people have more independence these days.當今的年輕人享有更多的獨立。➤lack缺乏獨立▸➤enjoy, value享受／珍視獨立◇I value my independence too much to get married.我太珍惜自己的獨立了，不願意結婚。➤display, show表現獨立◇She displayed independence in choosing a career different from that of her parents.她選擇了與父母不同的職業，顯示了她的獨立性。➤assert維護獨立◇Edward III tried to assert his independence of the regime at court.愛德華三世努力在宮廷維護自己的王權獨立。➤achieve, attain, gain, win獲得獨立；贏得獨立◇Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821.墨西哥於 1821 年脫離西班牙獲得獨立。➤bring (about)使獨立◇the need to bring independence to the country使國家獨立的需要◇a colonial crisis which brought about independence使殖民地獲得獨立的危機事件➤declare, proclaim宣佈／宣告獨立➤celebrate慶祝獨立◇a holiday celebrating the independence of Nigeria from colonial rule紀念尼日利亞擺脫殖民統治獲得獨立的節日➤ensure, maintain, preserve, retain確保獨立；維護獨立◇The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the country.軍隊的職責是確保國家的獨立。➤compromise削弱獨立性◇Conflicts of interest might compromise the auditor's independence.利益的衝突可能會削弱審計人員的獨立性。➤give up, lose放棄／喪失獨立◇She doesn't want to lose her hard-won independence.她不想失去自己來之不易的獨立。➤regain, restore重獲／恢復獨立▸➤encourage, foster, promote鼓勵／培養／提倡獨立自主◇Parents should encourage independence in their children.父母應該鼓勵孩子獨立自主。➤undermine破壞獨立◇Economic aid tends to undermine the national independence of Third-World countries.經濟援助往往會削弱第三世界國家的獨立性。➤seek謀求獨立▸➤call for, demand要求獨立▸➤vote for投票贊成獨立▸➤give sb/sth, grant sb/sth給予⋯獨立自主的權利；准予⋯獨立▸➤recognize承認獨立◇They have agreed to recognize the breakaway republic's independence.他們已經同意承認分離出去的共和國獨立。INDEPENDENCE + VERB➤come獨立到來◇Independence came to the British colonial territories in Africa in the late fifties and early sixties.在 50 年代末 60 年代初，非洲的英屬殖民地獲得了獨立。INDEPENDENCE + NOUN➤day獨立紀念日▸➤celebrations獨立慶典▸➤movement獨立運動▸➤struggle獨立鬥爭PREPOSITION➤at independence獨立之時◇Namibia became a full member of the UN at independence.納米比亞在獲取獨立之時成為聯合國的正式成員。➤independence from脫離⋯而獨立◇independence from Spain脫離西班牙而獨立➤independence of獨立於⋯；⋯的獨立◇the church's independence of the state教會獨立於政府◇independence of mind思想獨立PHRASES➤a call for independence對獨立的呼籲◇his party's call for Scottish independence他的黨派對蘇格蘭獨立的呼籲➤a declaration of independence獨立宣言➤a lack of independence, the loss of independence缺乏獨立；喪失獨立▸➤a sense of independence獨立感◇Doing work experience gave me a sense of independence.打工的經歷給了我獨立感。➤the struggle for independence爭取獨立的鬥爭➤the time of independence獨立之時◇The drama is set in India at the time of independence.該劇以獨立時期的印度為背景。➤a war for independence, a war of independence爭取獨立的戰爭；獨立戰爭◇the American War of Independence美國獨立戰爭
IELTS BNC: 2010 COCA: 2291
independence noun
⇨ independence (a country gains independence) ⇨ freedom (financial independence) independence

noun

independence ♦︎ autonomy ♦︎ sovereignty ♦︎ self-determination ♦︎ self-governmentThese are all words for the freedom a country or region has to govern itself without political control from other countries. 这些词均表示国家或地区的独立自主、自治、自决。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination / self-government for sb◆complete / full independence / autonomy / sovereignty◆national independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination◆local / regional autonomy / self-determination / self-government◆political independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination◆to achieve independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination / self-government◆to have / enjoy / give sb / grant sb / recognize sth's independence / autonomy / sovereignty◆the principle / right of autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination / self-government■ independence [uncountable] a country's freedom from political control by other countries, especially after a period of outside control; the time when a country becomes politically independent （尤指脱离他国统治后的）独立；独立日◆Cuba gained independence from Spain in 1898.古巴于1898年脱离西班牙获得独立。◆There has been international recognition for the island's declaration of independence.该岛宣布独立，已获国际承认。◆Namibia became a full member of the UN at independence (= when it became independent).纳米比亚独立后成为联合国的正式成员。◆Malaysia celebrates its independence day on 31st August.马来西亚的独立纪念日是8月31日。  see also independence ⇨ freedom ▸ independent

adjective

◆Mozambique became independent in 1975.莫桑比克于1975年获得独立。■ autonomy ɔːˈtɒnəmi; NAmE ɔːˈtɑːnəmi [uncountable] (rather formal, written) freedom for a country or region to govern itself independently 自治；自治权◆There has been a campaign for greater autonomy for the region.发生了一场为该地区争取更大自治权的运动。  see also autonomy ⇨ freedom ▸ autonomous ɔːˈtɒnəməs; NAmE ɔːˈtɑːnəməs

adjective

◆an autonomous republic / state / province自治共和国／州／省NOTE 辨析 Independence or autonomy?In this meaning independence usually means the complete freedom for a whole country from outside political control, and a country either has independence or it has not. Autonomy is usually a degree of freedom that is less than complete independence. 表达此义时，independence通常指整个国家完全脱离外部政治控制的完全独立；independence只有有无之分，没有程度之别。autonomy通常指某种程度的自治，但不是完全的独立。■ sovereignty ˈsɒvrənti; NAmE ˈsɑːvrənti [uncountable] (written) the state of being a country with freedom to govern itself （国家的）独立自主◆The declaration proclaimed the full sovereignty of the republic.这份宣言宣告该共和国完全独立自主。◆She has strong views on preserving national sovereignty.她在保持国家的独立自主上持强硬观点。▸ sovereign

adjective

◆a sovereign state主权国家■ ˌself-deˌtermiˈnation [uncountable] (rather formal, written) the right of a country and its people to govern themselves and choose their own political system （国家及其人民的）自决权◆All nations have the right to self-determination.所有国家都享有自决权。■ ˌself-ˈgovernment [uncountable] the government or control of a country or organization by its own people or members, not by others （国家或机构的）自治◆There have been demands for a wider measure of regional self-government.要求享有更广泛的地方自治。

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