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rough rough
informal rough rough
★
★
★
adjective 
/rʌf/
/rʌf/ | adjective | rough |
| comparative | rougher |
| superlative | roughest |
- 1with a surface that is not smooth （表面）不平滑的，粗糙的
The walls were built of dark rough stone. 墙壁是由黑色粗质石头砌成的。
Hessian provides warm colour and a rough homespun texture. 粗麻布色调温暖且具有家纺布料的粗糙质地。
Synonyms and related wordsNot smooth: rough, uneven, coarse...- a.used about the surface of a lake, river, or sea that has a lot of waves, often because the weather is bad （湖面、河面或海面）波涛汹涌的，巨浪翻滚的
Rough seas prevented rescuers from approaching the ship. 波涛汹涌的大海使救援人员无法靠近该船。
Synonyms and related wordsWords used to describe areas of water: briny, calm, choppy... - b.used about land and roads that are difficult to travel on （地面和路面）不平坦的，颠簸的，崎岖的
They covered the 30 miles of rough terrain in record time. 他们以创纪录的速度通过了30英里的崎岖路面。
Synonyms and related wordsRoad surfaces and features: asphalt, bitumen, blacktop...
-
- 2informal difficult and with a lot of problems 困难的；艰难的；艰巨的
I had a rough day at the office. 我这一天在办公室里很不顺利。
a rough time :You've been through rough times, you know what it is like. 你经历过艰难时期，你知道它的滋味。
a rough patch (=a difficult period) 困难时期 :They were going through a rough patch in their relationship. 他们的关系正处于困难时期。
a rough night (=a night when you cannot sleep) 不眠之夜 :I feel terrible – I had a rough night last night. 我感觉很难受，昨晚我度过了一个不眠之夜。
Synonyms and related wordsNot pleasant and enjoyable: unpleasant, bad, awful... - 3not gentle 粗暴的；粗鲁的；粗野的
Don't be so rough with her, James. She's only a baby. 别对她那么凶，詹姆斯，她只是个婴儿。
Synonyms and related wordsUnfriendly: unfriendly, cold, hostile... - 4a rough place is not pleasant because there is a lot of crime or violence there （地方）犯罪率高的，暴力活动猖獗的
Madeline grew up in a rough neighbourhood. 马德琳在一个暴力活动猖獗的社区长大。
That's a pretty rough bar. 那是个非常混乱的酒吧。
Synonyms and related wordsNot pleasant and enjoyable: unpleasant, bad, awful... - 5a rough drawing or piece of writing is not completely finished （图或文章）粗略的，初步的
This is a rough drawing of the house I want to build. 这是我想要建造的房子的草图。
rough draft :Here is a rough draft for you to read. 这是一份草稿，你来看看。
Synonyms and related wordsWords used to describe writing or speech style: articulate, be couched in something, chatty...- a.used about an object that is not made very well, or is not completely finished （物品）不完善的，未完成的Synonyms and related wordsNot finished and incomplete: light-touch, incomplete, unfinished...
- b.a rough idea or guess is not detailed or exact （想法、猜测）粗略的，大致的，不精确的
I don't know the precise cost, but I can give you a rough idea. 我不知道确切的花费，但我可以大概告诉你一下。
Synonyms and related wordsWords used to describe descriptions: 101, blow-by-blow, broad...Synonyms and related wordsInexact and inaccurate: incorrect, inexact, wrong...
-
- 6a rough voice is not soft and is unpleasant to listen to （声音）粗哑的，不悦耳的Synonyms and related wordsWords used to describe someone's voice: adenoidal, appealing, a voice like a foghorn...
- 7British informal if someone feels rough, they do not feel well 身体不适的；难受的Synonyms and related wordsFeeling and being unhealthy or ill: ill, frail, unfit...
- From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary8rough around the edges imperfect, having flaws, unkemptSubmitted by Boris Marchenko from Russian Federation on 13/03/2018
Your essay needs perfecting. It is still rough around the edges.
phrases
derived word
roughness
noun [U] Synonyms and related words
Cruel, selfish and unkind behaviour or actions: cruelty, evil, abuse...
Synonyms and related words
Not smooth: rough, uneven, coarse...
See also
- roughly
verb /rʌf/
/rʌf/ | present tense | |
| I/you/we/they | rough |
| he/she/it | roughs |
| present participle | roughing |
| past tense | roughed |
| past participle | roughed |
phrase
-
rough it
informalto live without things that you usually live with, for example water or electricity 因陋就简地生活；凑合着生活Let's rough it and go camping. 我们就凑合点儿，去露营吧。
Synonyms and related words
phrasal verbs
rough out
[T]| present tense | |
| I/you/we/they | rough out |
| he/she/it | roughs out |
| present participle | roughing out |
| past tense | roughed out |
| past participle | roughed out |
to produce a drawing or piece of writing without including all the details 画出（草图）；写出（草稿）
Synonyms and related words
To write or give a summary: summarize, sum up, outline...
Synonyms and related words
To create images on paper and canvas: draw, paint, sketch...
rough up
[T]| present tense | |
| I/you/we/they | rough up |
| he/she/it | roughs up |
| present participle | roughing up |
| past tense | roughed up |
| past participle | roughed up |
to physically attack someone 殴打（某人）；对（某人）动粗
They roughed us up and took away our equipment. 他们打了我们一顿，还抢走了我们的设备。
Synonyms and related words
To attack a person or object: attack, assault, set on...
noun /rʌf/
/rʌf/ | singular | rough |
| plural | roughs |
- 1[singular] the part of a golf course where the grass is tall and not cut （高尔夫球场的）深草区Synonyms and related wordsGolf: ace, backswing, birdie...
- 2[C] a piece of writing or a drawing that is not finished 草稿；草图Synonyms and related wordsDocuments and types of document: annual report, blue book, certificate...
adverb /rʌf/
/rʌf/ | comparative | rougher |
| superlative | roughest |
phrase
-
sleep/live rough
Britishif you sleep or live rough, you sleep or live outside （睡觉、生活）露天地An increasing number of young people are sleeping rough in London. 伦敦越来越多的年轻人露天睡觉。
Synonyms and related wordsThe homeless and homelessness: bag lady, bagman, the Big Issue...
rough adj.
⇨ rough 1 (rough ground/edges) ⇨ rough 2 (rough seas/weather) ⇨ coarse (rough skin) ⇨ difficult 2 (Life is rough.) ⇨ hoarse (a rough voice) ⇨ vague (a rough estimate/sketch) ⇨ violent (rough kids/treatment) rough 2 rough ground/edges 高低不平的地面；参差不齐的边缘 rough seas/weather 波涛汹涌的海；狂风暴雨的天气 ➡ See also the entry for wet 2 另见wet条第2义 rough ♦︎ violent ♦︎ stormy ♦︎ turbulent ♦︎ raging ♦︎ choppy These words all describe weather or the sea when there is a strong wind or large waves. 这些词均表示风浪很大的、波涛汹涌的。 SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达风浪大的程度
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a rough / violent / stormy / turbulent / raging / choppy sea ◆ rough / violent / stormy / turbulent / choppy conditions ◆ rough / stormy / turbulent / choppy waters ◆ rough / turbulent / choppy water ◆ rough / violent / stormy weather ■ rough (of the sea) having large and dangerous waves; (of the weather, especially at sea) with strong winds and rain （海）波涛汹涌的；（天气，尤指海上天气）风浪很大的 ◆ It was too rough to sail that night.那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。 ◆ There's no way he could have swum ashore in such rough weather.他在这样恶劣的天气无法游上岸。 OPP calm ⇨ quiet 1 ■ violent (of the weather or the sea) very dangerous, with very strong winds and/or very large waves （天气或海）非常危险的，狂风大作的，波涛汹涌的 ◆ The islands were hit by a violent cyclone.这些岛屿受到猛烈的旋风袭击。 ◆ Members of the lifeboat crew were presented with bravery awards for launching in violent seas.为表彰救生艇船员冒着惊涛骇浪出航救人，向他们颁发了英勇奖。 ■ stormy with strong winds and heavy rain or snow 有暴风雨（或暴风雪）的 ◆ She visited me one dark and stormy night in November.在11月里一个漆黑的暴风雨之夜，她来看我。 ■ turbulent ˈtɜːbjələnt; NAmE ˈtɜːrbjələnt [usually before noun ] (of air or water) changing direction suddenly and violently （气流或水流）汹涌的，猛烈的，湍动的 ◆ The aircraft is designed to withstand turbulent conditions.这架飞机是为经受猛烈的气流而设计的。 ■ raging ˈreɪdʒɪŋ [only before noun ] (of natural forces such as wind, water and fire) very powerful （风、水、火等自然力）极其强大的，猛烈的 ◆ The stream had become a raging torrent .小河变成了一条汹涌的急流。 ◆ The building was now a raging inferno (= the fire was out of control) .这座大楼现在正烈焰熊熊。 ■ choppy (of the sea or water) with a lot of small waves （海面或水面）波浪起伏的，不平静的 ◆ The choppy waters caused some of the boats to capsize.波浪起伏的水面造成一些船只倾覆。 rough 1 rough ground/edges 高低不平的地面；参差不齐的边缘 rough seas/weather 波涛汹涌的海；狂风暴雨的天气 rough ♦︎ rocky ♦︎ rugged ♦︎ uneven ♦︎ bumpy ♦︎ lumpy ♦︎ rutted These words all describe a surface or edge that is not level, smooth or flat. 这些词均表示表面或边缘粗糙的、不平滑的、不平坦的。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a rough / a rocky / an uneven / a bumpy surface ◆ a rough / an uneven / a bumpy / a rutted road ◆ rough / rocky / uneven / bumpy ground / terrain ◆ a rough / bumpy / rutted lane / track ◆ a rocky / rugged landscape / hill / mountain / peak / cliff / coast / coastline ■ rough having a surface or edge that is not even or regular 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的 ◆ The car is designed for travelling over rough ground.这款车是专为在崎岖地面上行驶而设计的。 ◆ Trim any rough edges with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。 OPP smooth ⇨ flat adj. ■ rocky made of rock; full of rocks 岩石的；多岩石的 ◆ This plant grows in rocky soil on exposed hillsides.这种植物生长在无遮蔽山坡上多石的土壤中。 ■ rugged ˈrʌgɪd (of landscape) not level or smooth and having rocks rather than plants or trees, especially in a way that is beautiful or romantic （地形）崎岖的，凹凸不平的，多岩石的（尤指使人感觉美丽或浪漫） ◆ They admired the rugged beauty of the coastline.他们对海岸线上岩石密布的美景赞叹不已。 ■ uneven ʌnˈiːvn (of a surface) not level, smooth or flat （表面）凹凸不平的，不光滑的，不平坦的 ◆ She picked her way along the uneven path.她小心翼翼地走在不平整的小路上。 ◆ The floor felt uneven under his feet.他觉得脚下的地板高低不平。 ■ bumpy (of a surface) not even; with a lot of bumps （平面）不平的；多凸块的 ◆ She felt quite sick from the long drive over the bumpy road.在颠簸的路上长时间行驶让她感到很不舒服。 ⓘ Bumpy * bumpy尤用于修饰驾车或骑车经过的地面。 ■ lumpy full of lumps; covered in lumps 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的 ◆ I lay sleepless on my lumpy mattress.躺在凸凹不平的床垫上我睡不着觉。 ⓘ Lumpy (= that you lie on) and pillows (= that you rest your head on) . * lumpy最常用于修饰床垫和枕头。 ■ rutted (of a road or path) with deep tracks that have been made by wheels （道路或小径）有车辙的 ◆ The track was heavily rutted from the wheels of farm tractors.农用拖拉机的轮子在这条小路上碾出深深的车辙。
adjective
| choppy | ➔ | rough | ➔ | violent |
| stormy | raging | |||
| turbulent |
adjective
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