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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough
adjective /rʌf/
adjectiverough
comparativerougher
superlativeroughest
  1. 1
    with a surface that is not smooth (表面)不平滑的,粗糙的

    The walls were built of dark rough stone. 墙壁是由黑色粗质石头砌成的。

    Hessian provides warm colour and a rough homespun texture. 粗麻布色调温暖且具有家纺布料的粗糙质地。

     Synonyms and related words
    Not smooth: rough, uneven, coarse...
    1. a.
      used about the surface of a lake, river, or sea that has a lot of waves, often because the weather is bad (湖面、河面或海面)波涛汹涌的,巨浪翻滚的

      Rough seas prevented rescuers from approaching the ship. 波涛汹涌的大海使救援人员无法靠近该船。

       Synonyms and related words
    2. b.
      used about land and roads that are difficult to travel on (地面和路面)不平坦的,颠簸的,崎岖的

      They covered the 30 miles of rough terrain in record time. 他们以创纪录的速度通过了30英里的崎岖路面。

       Synonyms and related words
      Road surfaces and features: asphalt, bitumen, blacktop...
  2. 2
    informal difficult and with a lot of problems 困难的;艰难的;艰巨的

    I had a rough day at the office. 我这一天在办公室里很不顺利。

    a rough time :

    You've been through rough times, you know what it is like. 你经历过艰难时期,你知道它的滋味。

    a rough patch (=a difficult period) 困难时期 :

    They were going through a rough patch in their relationship. 他们的关系正处于困难时期。

    a rough night (=a night when you cannot sleep) 不眠之夜 :

    I feel terrible – I had a rough night last night. 我感觉很难受,昨晚我度过了一个不眠之夜。

     Synonyms and related words
    Not pleasant and enjoyable: unpleasant, bad, awful...
  3. 3
    not gentle 粗暴的;粗鲁的;粗野的

    Don't be so rough with her, James. She's only a baby. 别对她那么凶,詹姆斯,她只是个婴儿。

     Synonyms and related words
    Unfriendly: unfriendly, cold, hostile...
  4. 4
    a rough place is not pleasant because there is a lot of crime or violence there (地方)犯罪率高的,暴力活动猖獗的

    Madeline grew up in a rough neighbourhood. 马德琳在一个暴力活动猖獗的社区长大。

    That's a pretty rough bar. 那是个非常混乱的酒吧。

     Synonyms and related words
    Not pleasant and enjoyable: unpleasant, bad, awful...
  5. 5
    a rough drawing or piece of writing is not completely finished (图或文章)粗略的,初步的

    This is a rough drawing of the house I want to build. 这是我想要建造的房子的草图。

    rough draft :

    Here is a rough draft for you to read. 这是一份草稿,你来看看。

     Synonyms and related words
    1. a.
      used about an object that is not made very well, or is not completely finished (物品)不完善的,未完成的

      The customers sat at rough wooden tables. 顾客们坐在还未完工的木桌子旁。

       Synonyms and related words
      Not finished and incomplete: light-touch, incomplete, unfinished...
    2. b.
      a rough idea or guess is not detailed or exact (想法、猜测)粗略的,大致的,不精确的

      I don't know the precise cost, but I can give you a rough idea. 我不知道确切的花费,但我可以大概告诉你一下。

       Synonyms and related words
       Synonyms and related words
      Inexact and inaccurate: incorrect, inexact, wrong...
  6. 6
    a rough voice is not soft and is unpleasant to listen to (声音)粗哑的,不悦耳的
     Synonyms and related words
  7. 7
    British informal if someone feels rough, they do not feel well 身体不适的;难受的
     Synonyms and related words
  8. From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary
    8
    rough around the edges imperfect, having flaws, unkempt

    Your essay needs perfecting. It is still rough around the edges.

    Submitted by Boris Marchenko from Russian Federation on 13/03/2018

derived word

roughness

noun [U]
 Synonyms and related words
 Synonyms and related words
Not smooth: rough, uneven, coarse...
See also
  • roughly
rough
verb /rʌf/
present tense
I/you/we/theyrough
he/she/itroughs
present participleroughing
past tenseroughed
past participleroughed

phrase

phrasal verbs

rough out

[T]
present tense
I/you/we/theyrough out
he/she/itroughs out
present participleroughing out
past tenseroughed out
past participleroughed out
to produce a drawing or piece of writing without including all the details 画出(草图);写出(草稿)

I've roughed out a few sketches for you. 我为你画了几幅草图。

 Synonyms and related words
To write or give a summary: summarize, sum up, outline...
 Synonyms and related words

rough up

[T]
present tense
I/you/we/theyrough up
he/she/itroughs up
present participleroughing up
past tenseroughed up
past participleroughed up
informal
to physically attack someone 殴打(某人);对(某人)动粗

They roughed us up and took away our equipment. 他们打了我们一顿,还抢走了我们的设备。

 Synonyms and related words
rough
noun /rʌf/
singularrough
pluralroughs
  1. 1
    [singular] the part of a golf course where the grass is tall and not cut (高尔夫球场的)深草区
     Synonyms and related words
    Golf: ace, backswing, birdie...
  2. 2
    [C] a piece of writing or a drawing that is not finished 草稿;草图
     Synonyms and related words
rough
adverb /rʌf/
comparativerougher
superlativeroughest

phrase


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