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BNC: 155 COCA: 180
against
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preposition /əˈɡenst/
  1. 1
    in opposition to someone/something
    1. a.
      used for stating which plan, idea, or action someone opposes and thinks is wrong 反对（计划、想法或行动）

      Amnesty International has campaigned publicly against the death penalty. “大赦国际”公开为反对死刑而斗争。

      I'm against all forms of censorship. 我反对任何形式的审查。

       Synonyms and related words
      Opposed to someone or something: opposed, opposing, hostile...
    2. b.
      used for stating who or what you are trying to defeat in a game, race, or fight （在比赛或战斗中）对（某人或某事物）

      England's World Cup game against Argentina 世界杯赛中英格兰对阿根廷的比赛

      The king's son died in battle, fighting against the Persians. 国王的儿子在与波斯人的战斗中死去。

      the fight against drugs in our city's schools 我们城市的学校里反对毒品的斗争

       Synonyms and related words
      Words used to describe positions in a competition: against, by a neck, clear...
  2. 2
    directed towards or affecting someone/something in a negative way
    1. a.
      used for stating who is harmed or affected by something （用于指受到某事物伤害或影响的人）

      The dictator is charged with crimes against humanity. 独裁者可能会受到反人类罪的指控。

      Police are investigating death threats made against a prosecution witness. 警方正在调查针对控方证人的死亡威胁。

      illegal discrimination against homosexuals 针对同性恋者的非法歧视

      count against (=cause someone to have a disadvantage) :

      He's over 40, so his age may count against him. 他40多岁了，所以年纪可能对他不利。

       Synonyms and related words
      Prepositions: aboard, against, amid...
    2. b.
      used for stating who someone dislikes or feels angry towards （用于表示某人讨厌或生气的对象）

      There was growing resentment among the people against their foreign rulers. 民众中对外国统治者的不满情绪越来越高涨。

      turn against (=become unfriendly towards someone) 不理；抛弃 :

      Louis turned against his former ally, and withdrew his support. 路易斯不再理睬以前的盟友，也不再支持他。

       Synonyms and related words
      Prepositions: aboard, against, amid...
    3. c.
      used for saying who is accused of doing something wrong （用于表示被指控的人）
      accusation/charge/allegation against someone :

      Accusations of bribery had been made against the vice-president. 副总统受到受贿的指控。

      Police are expected to bring criminal charges against Warren. 大家期待着警方对沃伦提起刑事诉讼。

       Synonyms and related words
      Ways of making or receiving criticism or blame: against, the buck stops here/with someone, charming...
  3. 3
    touching or hitting someone/something
    1. a.
      touching or hitting the surface of something 擦，碰（某物的表面）

      He leaned over and his lips brushed against her hair. 他弯下身，嘴唇擦过她的头发。

      I fell heavily against the bookshelves. 我重重地摔到了书架上。

       Synonyms and related words
      Next to, near to and not far away: local, close, nearly...
    2. b.
      very close to and touching something, especially so that it is used as a support 紧靠着（尤指作为支撑）

      We left Ron's bicycle propped against a tree. 我们把罗恩的自行车靠在一棵树上。

       Synonyms and related words
      Next to, near to and not far away: local, close, nearly...
  4. 4
    if there is a law against doing something, it is illegal （法律）禁止

    The state has a law against cruelty to animals. 该州有一项禁止虐待动物的法律。

     Synonyms and related words
    Illegal or dishonest: illegal, unlawful, shady...
  5. 5
    used for stating what is causing harm or affecting someone or something 防备；抵御

    The plants must be protected against frost until late spring. 必须保护好植物免受霜冻，直到晚春。

    All the children have been vaccinated against diseases such as polio. 所有的孩子都接种了预防小儿麻痹症等疾病的疫苗。

     Synonyms and related words
    Prepositions: aboard, against, amid...
  6. 6
    if someone or something moves against the wind, the current etc, they face it and move in the opposite direction 逆…的方向；迎着

    We were sailing against a strong easterly wind. 我们正逆着强劲的东风航行。

     Synonyms and related words
    Describing movement away and changes of direction: away, backward, outwards...
  7. 7
    if something appears against a background, it is seen with the background behind it 以…为背景；以…作衬托

    The dark ruins of the castle stood out against the evening sky. 在夜空的衬托下，城堡黑沉沉的遗迹引人注目。

     Synonyms and related words
    Behind or in front of something or someone: behind, in front, rear...
  8. 8
    used for comparing one thing or amount with another 和…相比

    This year's profits amounted to only £35 million, against £52 million last year. 与去年的5,200万英镑相比，今年的利润只达到3,500万英镑。

    as against :

    Why is there a preference for the American system as against the British? 为什么偏好美国体制而非英国体制？

     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of comparing things: than, relatively, whereas...

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