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BNC: 188 COCA: 218
without
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adverb, preposition /wɪðˈaʊt/
Without can be used in the following ways: without 有以下用法
as a preposition (followed by a noun): 用作介词（后接名词）: I can't see without my glasses. 我不戴眼镜就什么也看不见。 (followed by the ‘-ing' form of a verb): 后接动词的-ing形式: She walked past without saying anything. 她走了过去，什么话也没说。
as an adverb (without a following noun): 用作副词（后不接名词）: There isn't any butter left, so we'll have to manage without. 没有黄油了，所以我们只好凑合着不用黄油。
  1. 1
    used for saying what someone or something does not have 没有；无

    the ability to do mathematics without a calculator 不用计算器进行数学运算的能力

    They had endured three days without food or water. 他们3天没吃没喝。

    a dress without sleeves 无袖连衣裙

    do/manage/go without (=continue your life or work in spite of not having something) 没有…而继续；没有…而将就对付 :

    I can't afford new trainers, so I'll have to do without. 我没钱给她买新跑鞋，恐怕她只得将就着不穿了。

     Synonyms and related words
    Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
  2. 2
    used for saying that you do not have someone with you （表示某人不与你在一起）没有…

    I can't live without you – I want to marry you. 没有你我活不下去，我想和你结婚。

    If the others don't want to come, we'll go without them. 如果其他人不想来，我们就自个儿去了。

  3. 3
    not doing something or not happening
    1. a.
      used for saying what you do not do when you do something else （指做某事时不做另一事）不，无

      Normally I would accept your offer without hesitation. 通常我会毫不犹豫地接受你的邀请。

      without doing something :

      Liz closed the door without making a sound. 利兹关门时没弄出一点儿声音。

      without so much as (=not even doing something that is normally expected) 甚至连…都没有 :

      He walked off and left me without so much as a backward glance. 他走开了，甚至都没有回头看我一眼就离我而去。

    2. b.
      used for saying what does not happen or has not happened when something else happens 没有发生…

      The operation proceeded without any major problems. 手术过程中没有出现任何大问题。

      an attack that came without any warning 没有任何警告的进攻

      without someone doing something :

      Could these men have walked out of the prison without anyone noticing? 这些人是否是在没人注意的时候走出了监狱呢？

  4. 4
    used for saying that you do not have a particular feeling, or you do not show a particular quality when you do something 没有（某种感觉或某种品质）

    We began our search, but without much hope of finding anything. 我们开始了搜索，但并未抱希望会有任何发现。

    Stephens was fined £200 for driving without due care and attention. 斯蒂芬斯因疏忽驾驶而被罚200英镑。

  5. 5
    an old word meaning ‘outside' （单词outside的古时用语）
     Synonyms and related words
    Outside a place, object or building: outwith, outside, beyond...
BNC: 188 COCA: 218
BNC: 188 COCA: 218

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