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TOEFL BNC: 9112 COCA: 9758
stiffen
verb /ˈstɪf(ə)n/
present tense
I/you/we/theystiffen
he/she/itstiffens
present participlestiffening
past tensestiffened
past participlestiffened
  1. 1
    [I] to suddenly hold your body in a stiff way, often because you become nervous, worried, angry, or unfriendly （身体）变僵硬，绷紧

    She stiffened as the footsteps came closer and closer. 越来越近的脚步声使她全身绷紧。

    stiffen with/in :

    He stiffened with rage. 他勃然大怒。

     Synonyms and related words
    Physical sensations associated with emotions: churn, convulse, flutter...
  2. 2

    stiffen

    or

    stiffen up

    [I] to become stiff and difficult to move 变僵硬；变得不灵活

    Her old fingers were stiffening up now. 她老了，现在手指变得不灵活了。

     Synonyms and related words
    Not moving: still, static, stationary...
    1. a.

      stiffen

      or

      stiffen up

      [T] to make something stiff 使僵硬；绷紧

      He sat up straight, stiffening his back. 他坐得笔直，绷紧了他的后背。

       Synonyms and related words
      To change consistency - general words: atomise, atomize, bake...
  3. 3
    [I/T] if your resolve or resistance stiffens, or if you stiffen it, you become more determined 使坚定；加强
    stiffen someone's resistance :

    The army stiffened their resistance. 这支部队抵抗得更加顽强了。

    stiffen someone's resolve :

    The air attack only served to stiffen the enemy's resolve. 空袭只能使敌人的决心更加坚定。

     Synonyms and related words
    To become, or to make something stronger: strengthen, bolster, intensify...

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