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relative noun
⇨ family 2relative

adjective

  ➡ See also the entry for equivalent adj. 另見equivalent形容詞詞條relative ♦︎ proportional ♦︎ proportionateThese words all describe things that are considered according to their position or connection with sth else. 這些詞均表示相對而言的、相關聯的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆relative / proportional / proportionate to sth◆a relative / proportional / proportionate increase■ relative considered according to its position or connection with sth else; considered and judged by being compared with sth else; that exists or has a particular quality only when compared with sth else 相對的；相關聯的；相比較而言的；相比之下存在（或具有）的◆the position of the sun relative to the earth太陽與地球的相對位置◆You must consider the relative merits of the two plans.你必須考慮相比較之下兩個計劃各自的優點。◆They now live in relative comfort (= compared with how they lived before).他們現在過得比較舒適。◆It's all relative though, isn't it? We never had any money when I was a kid and $500 was a fortune to us.不過，一切都是相對的，是不是？我們小時候根本沒錢，500塊對我們就是很大一筆錢了。▸ relatively

adverb

◆At first glance the poem seems to be relatively straightforward.乍一看，這首詩似乎比較直白。◆The colleges had become, relatively speaking, short of funds.相對來說，這些學院資金開始緊拙。■ proportional prəˈpɔːʃənl; NAmE prəˈpɔːrʃənl (rather formal) increasing or decreasing in size, amount or degree according to changes in sth else （尺寸、數量或程度）成比例的，相應的，相稱的◆Salary is directly proportional to years of experience.薪金與資歷直接挂鈎。◆The number of teachers appointed is proportional to the total number of students.委派教師人數和學生總數成比例。  see also proportion ⇨ ratio ▸ proportionally

adverb

◆Families with children spend proportionally less per person than families without children.有子女家庭比無子女家庭人均開銷相對要少。■ proportionate prəˈpɔːʃənət; NAmE prəˈpɔːrʃənət (formal) proportional, especially when it is a question of what is fair or reasonable （尤指涉及公平或合理時）成比例的，相應的，相稱的◆Inner cities have more than a proportionate share of social problems.内城區的社會問題多得不合比例。◆Penalties should be proportionate to the gravity of the offence.懲罰應與所犯罪行的嚴重程度相應。OPP disproportionate ⇨ excessive ▸ proportionately

adverb

◆Prices have risen but wages have not risen proportionately.物價上漲了，但工資並未相應增加。NOTE 辨析 Proportional or proportionate?In many cases you can use either word. 在許多情況下這兩個詞可以通用◆Salary is proportional / proportionate to experience.薪金視資歷而定。◆proportional / proportionate increases in costs成本的相應增加In these cases proportionate is more formal and less frequent than proportional. However, proportionate is often used when the question is not simply one of comparing two amounts, but of judging two actions or decisions and deciding whether one is fair or reasonable after considering the other. 在這些情況下，proportionate較正式，不如proportional常用。不過，如果談論的不僅僅是兩個數量的比較，而是對兩個行動或決定作出判斷，並評定哪一個更公平或合理時，常用proportionate◆The police response should be proportionate to the level of risk posed.警方的反應應該與事件的風險程度相稱。The opposite, disproportionate, can be used when an action or judgement is not fair or reasonable in response to another action or situation. The opposite of proportional is inversely proportional. * proportionate的反義詞是disproportionate，指某個行動或判斷和另一個行動或情況不相稱，顯得不公平或不合理。proportional的反義詞是inversely proportional（成反比）◆The amount of force needed is inversely proportional to the rigidity of the material (= the more rigid the material, the less force is needed).所需力量大小與材料剛性成反比。

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