➡ See also the entry for eradicate另见eradicate条destroy ♦︎ wipe sb/sth out ♦︎ devastate ♦︎ ravage ♦︎ decimate ♦︎ annihilate ♦︎ exterminate ♦︎ zapThese words all mean to damage, remove or kill sb/sth so that they no longer exist.这些词均表示摧毁、除掉或杀死。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to destroy / wipe out / devastate / ravage / decimate a village / town / city◆a bomb / blast destroys / devastates buildings◆to destroy / wipe out / decimate / annihilate / exterminate / zap the enemy◆to destroy / wipe out profits / savings◆a / an earthquake / flood / fire destroys / devastates / ravages sth■destroy [transitive] to damage sth so badly that it no longer exists or works; to kill sb摧毁;销毁;杀死◆The building was completely destroyed by fire.这座楼房被大火彻底焚毁了。◆They've destroyed all the evidence.他们销毁了一切证据。◆Heat gradually destroys vitamin C.高温会逐渐破坏维生素C。◆ (figurative) Failure was slowly destroying him(= making him less confident and happy).失败渐渐地把他给毁了。▸destruction
noun
[uncountable] ◆a tidal wave bringing death and destruction in its wake带来死亡与破坏的海啸◆weapons of mass destruction大规模杀伤性武器■ˌwipe sb/sth ˈout
phrasal verb
to destroy or remove sb/sth completely彻底消灭;全部摧毁◆Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake.地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。◆a campaign to wipe out malaria消灭疟疾的运动◆Their life savings were wiped out.他们一生的积蓄都赔光了。■devastate ˈdevəsteɪt [transitive] to completely destroy a place, area or building彻底破坏;摧毁;毁灭◆The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city.那颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的大片地区。 see also devastating ⇨ disastrous▸devastation
noun
[uncountable] ◆The bomb caused widespread devastation.那颗炸弹造成了大面积的破坏。NOTE辨析 Destroy or devastate?Devastate is stronger than destroy, but is only used about places or buildings, not substances or objects. When used about people it has a different meaning. * devastate比destroy语气更强烈,但仅指对场所或建筑物的毁坏,而非对物质或物品的毁坏。devastate用于人时含义不同。■ravage ˈrævɪdʒ [transitive, usually passive] (ratherformal) to damage a place or business very badly毁坏(场所);严重损害(生意)◆The countryside has been ravaged by pollution.乡村已被污染严重毁坏。◆the flood- / quake- / tornado- / war-ravaged country遭受洪水/地震/龙卷风/战争摧残的国家◆a recession that has ravaged the textile industry使纺织业遭受重创的经济萎缩▸ravages
noun
[plural] ◆the ravages of inflation / poverty / war通货膨胀/贫穷/战争造成的灾难◆Her looks had not survived the ravages of time.她的容颜未能幸免于岁月的摧残。■decimate ˈdesɪmeɪt [transitive, usually passive] to kill large numbers of animals, plants or people in a particular area; to make an industry or service much weaker大量毁灭,大批杀死(某地区的动植物或人);严重破坏,大大削弱(行业或服务)◆The rabbit population was decimated by the disease.这种疾病使兔子大量死亡。◆Rural transport provision has been decimated.农村的运输供应已大大削弱。▸decimation
noun
[uncountable] ◆the decimation of the rainforests热带雨林的大面积损毁■annihilate əˈnaɪəleɪt [transitive] to destroy or defeat sb completely彻底消灭;彻底击败◆The human race has enough weapons to annihilate itself.人类拥有的武器足以把自己毁灭。▸annihilation
noun
[uncountable] ◆the annihilation of the whole human race全人类灭绝■exterminateɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt; NAmEɪkˈstɜːrmɪneɪt [transitive] to deliberately kill all the members of a group of people or animals(故意)灭绝;根除;消灭◆They use poison to exterminate moles.他们使用毒药来消灭鼹鼠。 see also extermination ⇨ massacreNOTE辨析 Decimate or exterminate?People, animals or plants are usually decimated by accident, especially as a result of a disease in which most (but not all) of them die. If people exterminate animals or people, they deliberately kill all of them. * be decimated通常指人或动植物因意外事故,尤其是疾病而大量死亡(并非灭绝);exterminate则表示故意把人或动物全部消灭。■zap(-pp-) [transitive] (informal) to destroy, kill or hit sb/sth suddenly and with force(突然而猛烈地)毁坏,杀死,打击◆The monster got zapped by a flying saucer(= in a computer game).怪兽被飞碟杀死了。◆He jumped like a man who'd been zapped with 1 000 volts.他像受到1 000伏电击似的猛跳起来。
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