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BNC: 164 COCA: 146
much
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adverb, determiner, pronoun /mʌtʃ/
comparativemore
superlativemost
Much can be used in the following ways: much 有以下用法
as a determiner (followed by an uncountable noun): 用作限定词（后接不可数名词）: There isn't much time left. 没剩多少时间了。 How much money have you got? 你有多少钱？
as a pronoun: 用作代词: He didn't say much. 他没说多少话。 How much did you pay? 你付了多少钱？ (followed by ‘of'): 后接of: Much of the work has already been completed. 这项工作的一大半已经完成了。
as an adverb (with a verb or past participle): 用作副词（与动词或过去分词连用）: Things haven't changed much. 事情没有发生多大变化。 A much loved member of the family. 深受家人喜爱的家庭一员。 (before a comparative or superlative adjective or adverb): 用于形容词或副词的比较级或最高级前: The exam was much easier than I had expected. 考试比我预想的要简单得多。 Loach's latest film is much the best thing he's done. 洛奇的最新影片是他拍摄过的最佳之作。
  1. 1
    [usually in negatives or questions] a large amount of something 许多的；大量的

    It's a small car that doesn't use much fuel. 这是一辆不需要消耗太多燃料的小汽车。

    I don't pretend to know much about art. 我不会假装很懂艺术。

    very much :

    It wouldn't cost very much to have your old bike repaired. 把你的旧自行车修一下花不了太多钱。

    much of :

    Much of the evidence was gathered in 1991. 许多证据是在1991年收集的。

    too much :

    We can't talk here. There's too much noise. 我们没法在这里交谈。太吵了。

    so much :

    He spent so much time with Claudia, it seemed as if they were never apart. 他花那么多时间和克劳迪娅在一起，他们好像从来没有分开过。

     Synonyms and related words
    Large quantities or amounts: hoard, tsunami, wall...
  2. 2
    used for emphasizing that someone or something is a lot bigger, better, worse etc …得多
    (very) much bigger/better/worse etc :

    Richard's much happier now that he's got a permanent job. 有了一份固定工作后理查德现在高兴多了。

    He had married a woman very much younger than himself. 他娶了一个比他年轻得多的女子。

    I can't walk much further. 我不能再走了。

    Advisers were urging the President to act much more aggressively. 顾问们正在敦促总统采取更强硬的行动。

    much improved :

    Last year BP achieved much improved results. 去年英国石油公司的业绩大幅提升。

    much the biggest/best etc (=a lot bigger, better etc than all the others) 最大的/最好的等 :

    I got lots of lovely presents, but yours was much the nicest. 我收到了许多可爱的礼物，但你的是最好的。

     Synonyms and related words
    Very and very much: very, particularly, deeply...
    1. a.
      used for emphasizing that people, things, situations etc are very similar 几乎，差不多（用于强调）
      much the same (=almost the same) 几乎一样 :

      If I'm going to a club, I wear much the same as I wear for work. 去俱乐部的话，我得和上班穿得差不多。

      (very) much like :

      The interior of the house was much like the outside – ugly and dilapidated. 房子的内部和外部非常相像，又难看又破旧。

      She looks very much like her mother. 她长得酷似她母亲。

      (pretty) much as :

      The trial proceeded pretty much as he expected it would. 实验的进展与他预计的非常接近。

  3. 3
    [usually in negatives or questions] used for saying or asking whether someone does something a lot or whether something happens a lot or to a great degree 经常，非常（用于说明或询问）

    Do you travel much? 你经常旅行吗？

    not very much :

    People here don't use public transport very much. 这里的人不常使用公交系统。

    too much :

    The trouble with Jean is she talks too much. 琼的缺点是话太多了。

    so much :

    Aunt Edie laughed so much that her sides ached. 伊迪婶婶笑得两肋都痛了。

    as much as :

    I won't be running about as much as I usually do. 我将不会像平常那样东奔西跑了。

    how much :

    It's amazing how much things have changed since we first came to live here. 从我们最初搬来这里到现在这里发生了那么多变化，真令人吃惊。

    not see much of someone (=not see someone often) 不常见到某人 :

    We don't see much of Peter these days. 我们最近不常见到彼得。

     Synonyms and related words
    General words relating to frequency and duration: frequency, rate, irregularity...
  4. 4
    used for saying whether someone feels something strongly or thinks about something a lot 十分；非常

    He doesn't seem to care much about the children's education. 他好像对孩子们的教育不大关心。

    very much :

    It's obvious that they love each other very much. 显然他们都深爱对方。

    be (very) much concerned/aware :

    We are very much aware of all the risks involved in genetic engineering. 我们非常清楚基因工程的一切风险。

    Usage note: much
    When the expression very much is used with verbs such as ‘like', ‘enjoy', ‘want', and ‘hope', it is usually at the end of the sentence, but it can also be used before these verbs: I liked her very much. I very much enjoyed reading your letter. We very much hope that you will visit us.
    Much is often used before ‘prefer' and ‘appreciate': I would much prefer to be alone. Your hard work is much appreciated.
  5. 5
    informal used to add force to a negative judgement

    He bangs on about equality but expects her to iron his shirts. Hypocritical, much?

    These things happen, and I wasn't bitter (much!)

    This meaning is based on one submitted to the Open Dictionary from United Kingdom on 19/09/2012
     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of giving your opinion: perhaps, frankly, personally...
See also
Get It Right!: much
Much is only used with uncountable nouns:
The President failed to get much help from the Europeans.
It is never followed by a plural noun. With plural nouns, use many:
✗ Using credit cards appropriately can bring much benefits to students.
✓ Using credit cards appropriately can bring many benefits to students.
✗ Workers experience much breathing problems with passive smoking.
✓ Workers experience many breathing problems with passive smoking.
In the same way, too much and so much are only used with uncountable nouns. With plural nouns, use too many or so many:
✗ We have cut down too much trees to make paper.
✓ We have cut down too many trees to make paper.
✗ There are still so much questions that need to be answered.
✓ There are still so many questions that need to be answered.
Usage note: much
Both much and a lot can be used for referring to a large amount or a great degree.In senses 1 and 3, much is mainly used in questions and negative sentences, especially in spoken English, but it is often used in positive statements after ‘so’ , ‘too’ , and ‘as’: 在义项1和3中， much 主要用于疑问句和否定句，尤其是在口语中。但它也经常用在肯定句中，位于so， too 和as 的后面: He drinks too much. 他喝得太多。
A lot is generally used instead of much in positive statements: 在肯定句中通常用a lot 替代much: They waste a lot of time.他们浪费了许多时间。
In formal English much is sometimes used in positive statements: 在正式英语中much 有时用于肯定句: Much still needs to be done.还有许多事情要做。
much
adverb
  1. From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary
    much as although, however much, in spite of the fact that

    Much as I work hard all the way down the line, dreams sometimes cannot take shape and progress comes to a dead halt as I fail to use the opportunity to good advantage.

    Submitted by Prakash Chandra Patel from India on 20/11/2016
     
BNC: 164 COCA: 146
BNC: 164 COCA: 146
much pron.
⇨ not much of a… ⇨ mediocre adj. ⇨ too much ⇨ unacceptable adj.

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