the verbs ‘be', ‘do', and ‘have' in English, when they are used with another verb to form tenses, questions, question tags, and the passive. For example in the sentences ‘I am listening', ‘Are you working?', ‘You don't like her, do you?' and ‘The bill has been paid', ‘am', ‘are', ‘do', and ‘has been' are all auxiliaries. 助动词