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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch
verb /skrætʃ/
present tense
I/you/we/theyscratch
he/she/itscratches
present participlescratching
past tensescratched
past participlescratched
  1. 1
    [I/T] to pull your nails along your skin, especially because you have an itch that makes you want to do this (尤指因皮肤发痒)抓,挠

    Stop scratching! 别抓了!

    Scratch my back for me, will you. 帮我挠挠背,好吗?

     Synonyms and related words
    To rub and rubbing: rub, knead, scratch...
  2. 2
    [T] to cut someone's skin slightly with something sharp 擦伤,刮伤,抓伤(皮肤)

    Don't worry: the cat won't scratch you. 别担心,这猫不会抓伤你。

    The tree's branches had scratched his hands and they were bleeding. 树枝刮伤了他的手,伤口在流血。

     Synonyms and related words
    To injure yourself or someone else: injure, harm, wound...
    1. a.
      to damage a surface by marking it with something sharp or rough 划破;刻破

      Someone's scratched my car door. 有人把我的车门刮花了。

       Synonyms and related words
      To damage or spoil something: damage, spoil, mark...
  3. 3
    [I/T] to move something sharp against a hard surface and make a noise 刮擦使发出刺耳声
    scratch at :

    I could hear the dog scratching at the back door. 我能听见狗在抓后门。

     Synonyms and related words
    1. a.
      [I] to produce new sounds by moving a record backwards and forwards quickly with your hand while the stylus is resting on the record 摩擦音带;做出擦音效果
       Synonyms and related words
      To make miscellaneous sounds: babble, blow, burble...
  4. 4
    [T] to remove something, for example a word from a sentence or something from a list 划掉;删除
     Synonyms and related words
    Editing, adapting and proofreading: abridge, adapt, append...
     Synonyms and related words
    1. a.
      to remove someone from a race before it begins 使退出比赛;使弃权
       Synonyms and related words
  5. 5
    [T] informal to decide not to continue with something such as a plan or a project 终止(计划)
     Synonyms and related words
  6. 6
    [T] informal to write something very quickly and carelessly 仓促写下
     Synonyms and related words
    To write something: write, set down, compose...
  7. 7
    [I/T] especially in rap music, to produce rhythmic scratching sounds by moving a disc backwards and forwards with your hand

    The turntable allows the DJ to mix and scratch the music that is being played.

    From beat mixing, to scratching, to tone play – he does it all.

     Synonyms and related words
    Playing, performing and arranging music: accompany, arrange, articulation...

derived word

scratched

adjective

a badly scratched CD 严重刮伤的CD

 Synonyms and related words
Broken, torn or damaged: broken, battered, faulty...
scratch
noun /skrætʃ/
singularscratch
pluralscratches
  1. 1
    [C] a cut on the surface of your skin (皮肤上的)刮痕,擦痕

    Don't worry. It's just a scratch. 别担心,这只是个抓痕。

     Synonyms and related words
    1. a.
      [C] a thin mark on a surface 刻痕

      There were some nasty scratches on the paintwork. 涂好的油漆上面有一些讨厌的划痕。

       Synonyms and related words
    2. b.
      [singular] used for emphasizing that someone is not hurt at all or that something is not damaged at all 安然无恙

      Fortunately I walked away from the accident without a scratch. 幸运的是我在事故中竟然安然无恙。

      a used car that doesn't have a scratch on it 没有一丝刮痕的二手车

       Synonyms and related words
      Not injured, wounded or hurt: unharmed, unhurt, unscathed...
  2. 2
    [C] [usually singular] the action of pulling your nails along your skin 抓;搔
    have a scratch :

    The dog was having a good scratch against the furniture. 狗正在家具上舒服地蹭痒。

     Synonyms and related words
  3. 3
    [C] a sound made by moving something sharp or rough against a hard surface 刮擦声

    We heard the scratch of a cat's claws against a tree. 我们听见猫爪子抓树的嚓嚓声。

     Synonyms and related words
scratch
adjective /skrætʃ/
  1. 1
    a scratch team or game is one that is organized quickly using any players who are available (体育队或比赛)仓促拼凑的
     Synonyms and related words
  2. 2
    a scratch player is one who does not have a handicap (体育比赛)无让先的,平等竞赛的
     Synonyms and related words
    Golf: ace, backswing, birdie...
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + SCRATCH | SCRATCH + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVEdeep, long, nasty深深的/長長的/難看的擦痕light, little, minor, slight, small輕微劃痕;小擦痕;淺淺的擦痕His only injuries were some minor scratches above his eye.他僅在眼睛上方有些輕微的擦傷。a few, numerous幾處/無數擦痕cat貓的抓痕VERB + SCRATCHhave有擦痕get受到擦傷leave, make留下擦痕Powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.清潔粉會在玻璃上留下擦痕。SCRATCH + NOUNmark擦痕PREPOSITIONwithout a scratch毫發無損She emerged from the wrecked vehicle without a scratch.她安然無恙地從撞毀車輛中鑽了出來。
scratch

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERBbadly嚴重地刮傷The table had been badly scratched.桌子被刮得傷痕纍纍。absently (especially NAmE) 心不在焉地撓He absently scratched his head.他心不在焉地撓了撓頭。lightly輕輕刮PREPOSITIONat撓⋯He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.他抓了幾下鬍子。I could hear the dog scratching at the door.我聽見狗在撓門。on在⋯上劃傷I scratched my arm on a rose bush.我被玫瑰花叢劃傷了胳膊。with用⋯抓She scratched his face with her nails.她用指甲抓傷了他的臉。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch noun
injury
scratch verb
scratch1 (scratch yourself on sth) scratch2 (a cat scratches) creak (mice scratch)
scratch1

verb

scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包;猫挠人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sthto scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shinto scratch / scrape / graze a surfaceto scratch / scuff / graze sth badly scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp (尤指意外地)擦破,划损,刮坏;划破,划伤(皮肤)Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿划破流血了。She scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。 see also scratch injury noun scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt (意外地)擦坏,擦伤,刮坏,蹭破I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉,我把车刮掉了一块漆。She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤,把膝盖蹭破了。The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。NOTE 辨析 Scratch or scrape?If you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦伤物体表面时,scratch指在上面留下细长的道子,scrape通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时,scratch伤得不严重,scrape则通常伤得略严重些。 rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage (表面)磨,摩擦(尤指引起疼痛或造成损害)The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。 scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨损,磨坏(光滑表面)I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面磨坏了。 graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦伤,擦破(皮肤)I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤,擦伤了膝盖。He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。 see also graze injury noun NOTE 辨析 Scrape or graze? Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze仅指擦伤身体某部位,scrape可用于多种表面。scrape更强调擦伤的动作,graze更强调所受的损伤。scratch2

verb

scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包;猫挠人scratch ♦︎ clawThese words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails. 这两个词均表示用爪子或指甲搔、挠、抓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to scratch / claw at sthto scratch / claw sth with sthto scratch / claw sb frantically scratch [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable); to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails 挠,搔(痒处);抓破,抓伤(皮肤)John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠,挠了挠下巴。Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上被虫咬的包。She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。Does the cat scratch?这只猫挠人吗? claw [intransitive, transitive] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails (用爪子或指甲)抓,撕,挠The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只猫在抓挠椅子腿。She had clawed Stephen across the face.她曾抓过斯蒂芬的脸。When it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw表示人的行为时主要出现在文学作品中,可指抓扯得特别拼命或粗暴She flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他扑过去,手指到处乱抓。

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