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scratch 
scratch scratch
★
verb 
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/ | present tense | |
| I/you/we/they | scratch |
| he/she/it | scratches |
| present participle | scratching |
| past tense | scratched |
| past participle | scratched |
- 1[I/T] to pull your nails along your skin, especially because you have an itch that makes you want to do this （尤指因皮肤发痒）抓，挠
Stop scratching! 别抓了！
Scratch my back for me, will you. 帮我挠挠背，好吗？
Synonyms and related wordsTo rub and rubbing: rub, knead, scratch... - 2[T] to cut someone's skin slightly with something sharp 擦伤，刮伤，抓伤（皮肤）
Don't worry: the cat won't scratch you. 别担心，这猫不会抓伤你。
Synonyms and related wordsTo injure yourself or someone else: injure, harm, wound...- a.to damage a surface by marking it with something sharp or rough 划破；刻破
Someone's scratched my car door. 有人把我的车门刮花了。
Synonyms and related wordsTo damage or spoil something: damage, spoil, mark...
-
- 3[I/T]
to move something sharp against a hard surface and make a noise 刮擦使发出刺耳声 scratch at :I could hear the dog scratching at the back door. 我能听见狗在抓后门。
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words meaning to move something: budge, propel, guide...- a.[I] to produce new sounds by moving a record backwards and forwards quickly with your hand while the stylus is resting on the record 摩擦音带；做出擦音效果Synonyms and related wordsTo make miscellaneous sounds: babble, blow, burble...
-
- 4[T] to remove something, for example a word from a sentence or something from a list 划掉；删除Synonyms and related wordsEditing, adapting and proofreading: abridge, adapt, append...Synonyms and related words
- a.to remove someone from a race before it begins 使退出比赛；使弃权Synonyms and related wordsRaces and racing: ahead, a poor second, baton...
-
- 5[T] informal to decide not to continue with something such as a plan or a project 终止（计划）Synonyms and related wordsTo stop something from continuing or developing: interfere with, inhibit, disrupt...
- 6[T] informal to write something very quickly and carelessly 仓促写下Synonyms and related wordsTo write something: write, set down, compose...
- 7[I/T] especially in rap music, to produce rhythmic scratching sounds by moving a disc backwards and forwards with your hand
From beat mixing, to scratching, to tone play – he does it all.
Synonyms and related wordsPlaying, performing and arranging music: accompany, arrange, articulation...
phrases
derived word
scratched
adjectivea badly scratched CD 严重刮伤的CD
Synonyms and related words
Broken, torn or damaged: broken, battered, faulty...
phrasal verbs
★
noun /skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/ | singular | scratch |
| plural | scratches |
- 1[C] a cut on the surface of your skin （皮肤上的）刮痕，擦痕
Don't worry. It's just a scratch. 别担心，这只是个抓痕。
Synonyms and related wordsSkin problems, swellings and injuries: abrasion, abscess, athlete's foot...- a.[C] a thin mark on a surface 刻痕
There were some nasty scratches on the paintwork. 涂好的油漆上面有一些讨厌的划痕。
Synonyms and related wordsSigns of damage: a blot on something, blemish, blight... - b.[singular] used for emphasizing that someone is not hurt at all or that something is not damaged at all 安然无恙
Fortunately I walked away from the accident without a scratch. 幸运的是我在事故中竟然安然无恙。
a used car that doesn't have a scratch on it 没有一丝刮痕的二手车
Synonyms and related wordsNot injured, wounded or hurt: unharmed, unhurt, unscathed...
-
- 2[C] [usually singular] the action of pulling your nails along your skin 抓；搔have a scratch :
The dog was having a good scratch against the furniture. 狗正在家具上舒服地蹭痒。
Synonyms and related wordsInstances of touching, holding and physical contact: touch, contact, hold... - 3[C] a sound made by moving something sharp or rough against a hard surface 刮擦声
We heard the scratch of a cat's claws against a tree. 我们听见猫爪子抓树的嚓嚓声。
Synonyms and related wordsSounds of things hitting or rubbing together: beat, bump, chink...
phrases
adjective /skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/ noun
verb
scratch noun
⇨ injury scratch verb
⇨ scratch 1 (scratch yourself on sth) ⇨ scratch 2 (a cat scratches) ⇨ creak (mice scratch) scratch 1 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下 scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人 scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ graze These words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth ◆ to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin ◆ to scratch / scrape / graze a surface ◆ to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly ■ scratch [transitive ] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤） ◆ Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。 ◆ The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。 ◆ I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿划破流血了。 ◆ She scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。 scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive ] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦坏，擦伤，刮坏，蹭破 ◆ I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。 ◆ Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。 ◆ She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。 ◆ The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。 NOTE 辨析 scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦伤物体表面时，scratch指在上面留下细长的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时，scratch伤得不严重，scrape则通常伤得略严重些。 ■ rub (-bb- [intransitive ] (of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成损害） ◆ The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。 ◆ The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。 ◆ The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。 ■ scuff [transitive ] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨损，磨坏（光滑表面） ◆ I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面磨坏了。 ■ graze [transitive ] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤） ◆ I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦伤了膝盖。 ◆ He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。 graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze仅指擦伤身体某部位，scrape可用于多种表面。scrape更强调擦伤的动作，graze更强调所受的损伤。 scratch 2 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下 scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人 scratch ♦︎ claw These words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails. 这两个词均表示用爪子或指甲搔、挠、抓。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to scratch / claw at sth ◆ to scratch / claw sth with sth ◆ to scratch / claw sb frantically ■ scratch [transitive , intransitive ] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable) ; to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails 挠，搔（痒处）；抓破，抓伤（皮肤） ◆ John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠下巴。 ◆ Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。 ◆ She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上被虫咬的包。 ◆ She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。 ◆ Does the cat scratch?这只猫挠人吗？ ■ claw [intransitive , transitive ] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails （用爪子或指甲）抓，撕，挠 ◆ The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只猫在抓挠椅子腿。 ◆ She had clawed Stephen across the face.她曾抓过斯蒂芬的脸。 ⓘ When it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw表示人的行为时主要出现在文学作品中，可指抓扯得特别拼命或粗暴 ◆ She flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他扑过去，手指到处乱抓。
verb
verb
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