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IELTS BNC: 2063 COCA: 1953
criminal adj.
⇨ illegal (a criminal offence) ⇨ outrageous (a criminal waste) criminal

noun

criminal ♦︎ offender ♦︎ culprit ♦︎ sinner ♦︎ felon ♦︎ crook ♦︎ delinquentThese are all words for a person who does sth that is wrong, dishonest or against the law. 这些词均表示犯错的人、罪犯、违法者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a convicted / habitual criminal / offender / felon◆to catch a criminal / an offender / the culprit / a crook◆to identify / apprehend a criminal / an offender / a culprit◆to convict / sentence a criminal / an offender◆to punish criminals / offenders / the culprit / sinners / felons■ criminal [countable] a person who commits a crime 罪犯◆Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do).社会不知道怎样处置惯犯。◆I was treated just like a common criminal.我受到如同普通罪犯一般的对待。◆ (BrE) Sending these youngsters to prison simply trains them to become professional criminals.把这些年轻人送进监狱简直是培训他们成为职业罪犯。◆ (NAmE) career criminals职业罪犯■ offender [countable] (rather formal) a person who commits a crime; a person or thing that does sth wrong 犯罪者；违法者；祸害◆He spent some time in a young offender institution.他在青少年罪犯管教所待了一些时间。◆First offenders (= people who had never committed a crime before this one) were treated more leniently.以前对待初犯者较为宽大。◆He favours tougher punishments for repeat offenders (= people who commit the same crime more than once).他赞成对累犯者处以更严厉的惩罚。◆Child protection groups are calling for a national register of sex offenders (= people found guilty of illegal sexual acts).儿童保护团体要求在全国范围内对性犯罪者做登记。◆When it comes to pollution, the chemical industry is a major offender.谈到环境污染问题，化工产业是一大祸害。NOTE 辨析 Criminal or offender? Criminal suggests that not only has sb committed a crime, but that they have a tendency to commit crimes. Offender simply means that sb has broken the law at least once. For example, a driver who has broken the speed limit is an offender, but you would not call them a criminal. Offender is the word that is preferred by people whose job involves dealing with people who break the law. * criminal指已经犯罪且有犯罪倾向的人。offender仅指至少违法一次的人。例如，超速的司机是offender，但不会称之为criminal。offender是与违法者打交道的人偏好使用的词。■ culprit ˈkʌlprɪt [countable] a person who has done sth wrong or against the law; a person or thing responsible for causing a problem 犯错的人；罪犯；罪魁祸首◆The police quickly identified the real culprits.警方很快查出了真正的罪犯。◆The main culprit in the current crisis seems to be modern farming techniques.当前这场危机的罪魁祸首似乎是现代农业技术。NOTE 辨析 offender or culprit? Culprit is nearly always used after the, because it is used to talk about the person, people or thing responsible for a particular thing that has happened. The most common adjectives used for describing a culprit are biggest, main, major, prime, real and worst. Offender can also be used in this way, although it is a little more formal than culprit. * culprit几乎总是用于定冠词the之后，因其指的是对发生的特定事件负责的人或事物。最常用于描述culprit的形容词是biggest、main、major、prime、real和worst。offender亦可这样用，但是它比culprit稍为正式。■ sinner [countable] (formal) a person who has committed a sin or sins (= broken God's law) 罪人◆God forgives all sinners who repent.上帝原谅所有忏悔的罪人。■ felon ˈfelən [countable] (especially NAmE, law 法律) a person who has committed a felony (= a serious crime such as murder or rape) 重罪犯◆The law requires convicted felons entering the state to register their address with the police.这项法律要求进入该州的已定罪重犯向警方登记住址。■ crook krʊk [countable] (informal) a dishonest person, especially one who steals money 骗子（尤指偷钱者）◆That salesman is a real crook.那个推销员真是个骗子。◆The film portrays a world of small-time crooks, petty crime and drinking clubs.那部电影描绘的世界里有不高明的骗子、不严重的犯罪和饮酒俱乐部。■ delinquent dɪˈlɪŋkwənt [countable] (rather formal) a person, especially a young person, who shows a tendency to commit crime 有违法倾向者（尤指青少年）◆What can be done to help these juvenile deliquents turn away from crime?可以做点什么来帮助这些少年犯远离犯罪？

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