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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5599 COCA: 6576
spontaneous
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adjective /spɒnˈteɪniəs/
  1. happening in a natural way without being planned or thought about 自然发生的；一时冲动的；自发的

    spontaneous applause/cheers 自发的鼓掌/欢呼

    He was suddenly filled with tears of spontaneous emotion. 他突然激动得热泪盈眶。

     Synonyms and related words
    Not planned: random, arbitrary, spontaneous...
    1. a.
      used in a positive way about someone who often behaves in a natural and friendly way, without worrying about what they say or do 自然的；天真直率的

      Ellie's one of the most spontaneous, fun-loving people I know. 埃莉是我所认识的最天真率直、爱开玩笑的人之一。

       Synonyms and related words
      Friendly: friendly, nice, warm...
    2. b.
      science used about chemical or biological changes or processes that happen suddenly in a natural way （化学或生物变化或过程）自发的，非外力诱发的

      spontaneous wildfires 自燃的野火

      spontaneous contractions of the muscles in the oesophagus 食管肌肉的自动收缩

       Synonyms and related words
      Describing chemicals and chemical processes: active, aerobic, alkaline...

derived words

spontaneously

adverb
 Synonyms and related words
Not planned: random, arbitrary, spontaneous...

spontaneousness

noun [U]
 Synonyms and related words
Not planned: random, arbitrary, spontaneous...
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5599 COCA: 6576
spontaneous

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤appear, be, seem看來像是自發的；是自發的；好像自發的ADVERB➤genuinely自然而然▸➤quite, totally完全不由自主▸➤apparently, seemingly貌似／看似無意識的
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5599 COCA: 6576
spontaneous

adjective

spontaneous ♦︎ impromptu ♦︎ impulsive ♦︎ off-the-cuffThese words all describe things that have not been prepared or planned, or people who do things without planning or thinking about them first. 这些词均表示自发的、即兴的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a spontaneous / an impulsive gesture / reaction / act◆a spontaneous / an off-the-cuff remark■ spontaneous spɒnˈteɪniəs; NAmE spɑːnˈteɪniəs(of an action) not planned but done because you suddenly want to do it; done naturally, without being forced or practised （行动）自发的，自然的，非筹划安排的◆The audience burst into spontaneous applause.观众自发地鼓起掌来。◆It was a wonderfully spontaneous performance of the piece.这次演奏将那支乐曲表现得淳朴自然。▸ spontaneously

adverb

◆We spontaneously started to dance.我们情不自禁地跳起舞来。■ impromptu ɪmˈprɒmptjuː; NAmE ɪmˈprɑːmptuːnot planned or prepared 无准备的；即兴的；即席的◆She gave an impromptu speech.她作了一次即兴演讲。◆They often held impromptu meetings in their house.他们经常在家里即兴聚会。ⓘ Impromptu is usually used to describe public information occasions such as a lecture, a meeting, a press conference or a speech, which happen without being previously arranged. * impromptu通常用于修饰一些公开发布信息的场合，如lecture、meeting、press conference或speech，表示不是事先安排的。■ impulsive ɪmˈpʌlsɪv acting or done suddenly without thinking carefully about what might happen as a result 凭冲动行事的；易冲动的◆He told me not to be impulsive but to think it over.他告诉我不要凭冲动行事，而是要仔细考虑一下。◆She has a generous and impulsive nature.她生性慷慨，而且容易冲动。ⓘ You might advise sb not to be impulsive but if you describe sb as impulsive it is not usually very disapproving: it often suggests affection for the person or understanding of their faults. A more disapproving way of describing this behaviour would be rash or reckless. 我们可能会建议某人不要be impulsive，但如果说某人是impulsive，通常并没有强烈的贬义，而是常含对此人的关爱或对其缺点的理解。对冲动行为的贬义修饰词是rash或reckless。  ➡ See also the entry for reckless 另见reckless条   see also impulse ⇨ desire ▸ impulsively

adverb

◆Impulsively he reached out and took her hand.他一时冲动便伸手握住了她的手。■ ˌoff-the-ˈcuff (rather informal) said without thinking about it first 未经思考（或准备）的；即兴的◆He was embarrassed when a journalist's microphone picked up an off-the-cuff remark.他随口说的一句话被一个新闻记者用麦克风收了音，他很尴尬。 ▸ ˌoff the ˈcuff

adverb

◆I'm just speaking off the cuff here－I haven't seen the results yet.我只是在这里即兴说说而已－我还没看到结果呢。

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