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BNC: 23 COCA: 20
this
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adverb, determiner, pronoun /ðɪs/
This can be used in the following ways: this有以下用法:
as a determiner (followed by a noun): 用作限定词（后接名词）: He gave me this diamond ring. 他给了我这枚钻戒。
as a demonstrative pronoun (without a following noun): 用作指示代词（后不接名词）: This is the photograph you asked for. 这是你要的照片。
as an adverb (before an adjective, adverb, or ‘much'): 用作副词（用于形容词、副词或much之前） It's a long time since I felt this good. 我好久没感觉这么好了。
  1. 1
    pluralthese
    used when you are referring to a particular person, thing, fact etc that has just been mentioned, or when it is obvious which one you are referring to 这，这个（指刚刚提到的或显而易见的人、事物或事实等）

    Sometimes there's flooding, and this is why no one wants to live here. 有时会发洪水，这就是没人想在这儿居住的原因。

    Based on Edith Wharton's novel, this latest film stars Gillian Anderson. 这部根据伊迪丝·沃顿的小说改编的最新电影是由吉莲·安德森主演的。

    Robbery, rape, drug dealing – these are just some of the crimes that are on the increase. 抢劫、强奸、毒品交易，这些仅是不断增多的犯罪活动中的几种而已。

  2. 2
    mainly spoken used for referring to the particular thing that you are going to talk about 就要谈到的（指将要谈到的内容）

    Now, this is what I want you to do, so listen carefully. 现在要说的是我想要你们做的事情，请认真听好。

  3. 3
    pluralthese
    the one that is here
    1. a.
      used for referring to something that you are wearing, holding, or showing 这，这个（指穿戴着、拿着或展示着的事物）

      I've brought this book to show you. 我带了这本书来给你看。

      I bought these shoes in Italy. 我在意大利买的这双鞋子。

    2. b.
      used for referring to the place that you are in 这间，这所，此处（指所处的地方）

      This large room where we're standing now is the banqueting hall. 我们现在所处的大房间是宴会厅。

      This is where I catch the bus. 这里是我乘公共汽车的地方。

       Synonyms and related words
      Function words referring to location: about, across, after...
    3. c.
      used for referring to the thing that is nearest to you, especially when you are pointing to it 这，这个（尤指说话者所指之物）

      This is my towel and that's yours. 这是我的毛巾，那条是你的。

      These oranges are really expensive. 这些橘子确实很贵。

  4. 4
    pluralthese
    the present one
    1. a.
      used for referring to the present time 时下；目前

      I don't get much spare time these days. 我最近没什么空。

      Why haven't you phoned me before this? 你在这之前为什么不给我打电话？

      I'm going to be away the whole of this week. 我这一星期都将出门在外。

      this morning/afternoon/evening (=the morning/afternoon/evening of today) 今天上午／下午／晚上 :

      Benson was late again this morning. 本森今天早上又迟到了。

       Synonyms and related words
      General words referring to time: then, all, last...
    2. b.
      pluralthese
      used for referring to something that is happening or to something that you are doing 这，这事（指正在发生或正在做的事情）

      Is this your first visit to Ireland? 这是你第一次到爱尔兰吗？

      In this chapter I will discuss the development of the market economy. 在本章里，我将讨论市场经济的发展。

    3. c.
      used before the name of a particular day, month, season etc to mean the one that will come next 这个（即将到来的日子、月份、季节等）

      Are we going to have enough fuel this winter? 我们有足够的燃料度过这个冬天吗？

  5. 5
    pluralthese
    used when you are introducing someone 这，这位（用于介绍某人）

    This is our new secretary, Veronica Taylor. 这位是我们的新秘书，维罗妮卡·泰勒。

    These are my friends Claudia and Jack. 这两位是我的朋友，克劳迪娅和杰克。

  6. 6
    used when you are saying who you are in a telephone conversation or on the radio or television 我，这里（在电话交谈、电台或电视节目中使用，表明说话者自身身份）

    Hello, this is Kim Riley speaking. 你好，我是金·赖利。

    This is the BBC World Service broadcasting from London. 这里是伦敦的英国广播公司世界服务节目。

     Synonyms and related words
    Using a telephone: answer, busy, call...
  7. 7
    [often in negatives] spoken so, or to such a degree 这么；如此
    this good/much/far etc :

    When you've come this far, you don't think of turning back. 走了这么远就不会想回头了。

    I haven't had this much fun since I was a kid. 我长大后就没玩得这么痛快过。

    as good/cold/expensive etc as this :

    It was cold in Toronto, but it wasn't as cold as this. 多伦多也冷，但没这么冷。

     Synonyms and related words
    Very and very much: very, particularly, deeply...
  8. 8
    spoken used when you use your hands to show how big something is or how much of it there is （用于用手比划某物的大小或多少）这么

    The grass was this high. 草长得这么高。

    There's only about this much wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里大约只剩下这么些酒了。

     Synonyms and related words
    General words used to describe size: by, disproportionate, double...
  9. 9
    pluralthese
    spoken used in a story or a joke when you mention a person or thing without giving a name （用于故事或笑话中未带姓名地提到某人或某物）这，这个

    There was this big guy standing in the doorway. 门口站着这个大个子。

     Synonyms and related words
    Expressions used when telling jokes: (all) joking aside/apart, boo, have you heard (the one) about?/did you hear about?...
Usage note: this
This refers to something that you are holding or wearing, or that is nearest to you, but that refers to something that someone else is holding or wearing, or that is further away from you. this指说话者拿着的、穿戴着的或是离其最近的东西；而that是指其他人拿着的、穿戴着的或是离说话者较远的东西。
This refers to things that are happening now or are just about to happen, but that refers to things that happened in the past, that have just ended, or that will happen in the future.

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