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BNC: 111 COCA: 223
must
modal verb strong /mʌst/ weak /məst/
Must is usually followed by an infinitive without ‘to': must 通常後接不帶to 的不定式: You must stop at the red light. 紅燈時必須停下。 Sometimes must is used without a following infinitive: 有時must 後面不接不定式: We will act alone if we must. 如果必須的話我們將單獨行動。
Must does not change its form, so the third person singular form does not end in ‘-s': must沒有詞形變化,因此第三人稱單數不以 -s 結尾: She must be asleep. 她一定是睡着了。
Questions are formed without ‘do': 構成疑問句時不用do: Must we wear our uniforms? 我們必須穿制服嗎? Must can be used in question tags: must可以用在附加疑問句中: We mustn't be late, must we? 我們決不能遲到,對嗎?
The negative form must not is used for saying that something should not be done. This is often shortened in conversation or informal writing to mustn't: 否定形式must not用於表示不應該做某事。在會話或非正式書面語中常被縮略爲mustn’t: You mustn't use the office phone for private calls. 你決不可以用辦公室電話打私人電話。
For saying that it is not necessary to do something not have to, not need to, or needn't is used: 表示沒必要做某事時用not have to, not need to 或者needn’t: Children don't have to pay to go in. 兒童不必購票就可入内。 You don't need to take the test. 你不必參加考試。
There is no infinitive form of must, so to have to is used instead: must沒有不定式形式,因此可用to have to 替代: I didn't expect to have to do my own cleaning. 我沒有料想到還得自己打掃衛生。
There is no past tense, but had to is used for saying that something was necessary in the past: must沒有過去式,但可用had to 來表示過去某事是必要的: We had to show our passports. 我們只好出示護照。 Must have followed by a past participle can be used for saying that you believe something happened in the past: must have 後接過去分詞時可以用來表示相信某事在過去發生過: They must have missed the train. 他們一定沒趕上火車。 When indirect speech is introduced by a verb in the past tense, must can be used as a past tense: 當動詞的過去式引導間接引語時, must 可以用作過去式: She said that I must come immediately. 她說我必須馬上來。
There is no future tense, but must can be used for saying that someone should do something in the future: must沒有將來時,但是可用於表示某人將來必須做某事: You must be here at nine o'clock tomorrow morning. 你明天早上9點必須到這裏。 For saying that something will be necessary in the future will have to can be used: 要表示將來某事是必需的,可以用will have to: Graham will have to sleep on the sofa. 格雷厄姆將不得不睡在沙發上。
  1. 1
    used for saying that you think something is probably true because nothing else seems possible 一定,肯定(用於表示某事可能是真實的)

    You must be tired after your long journey. 漫長的旅程之後你肯定累了。

    There must be some mistake – no one called Shaw lives here. 肯定出了差錯,沒有名叫肖的人住在這裏。

    They must have got lost or they'd be here by now. 他們肯定迷路了,不然他們現在已經到這裏了。

    I must have fallen asleep. 我肯定是睡着了。

     Synonyms and related words
    Modal verbs: can, cannot, could...
  2. 2
    used for saying that it is necessary or important to do something 必須(用於表示做某事是必要的或重要的)

    Tomato plants must be watered regularly. 西紅柿植株必須定期澆水。

    People must realize that there are limits to what we can do. 人們必須意識到我們能做的事情是有限度的。

    I've told you the truth. Must I keep repeating it? 我已經告訴過你真相。我需要一直重複嗎?

    We mustn't be late. 我們不可以遲到。

     Synonyms and related words
    Modal verbs: can, cannot, could...
    1. a.
      used for ordering someone to do or not do something 必須(用於命令某人做或不做某事)

      You must answer all the questions. 你必須回答所有問題。

      Shayler was warned that he must not publish the allegations. 謝勒被警告說不可以公開這些指控。

       Synonyms and related words
      Modal verbs: can, cannot, could...
    2. b.
      used for saying that it is your duty to do something 應該(用於表示有責任做某事)

      We must defend the freedom that our parents fought for. 我們應該捍衛我們的父輩們爲之戰鬥的自由。

       Synonyms and related words
      Modal verbs: can, cannot, could...
  3. 3
    used for suggesting to someone that they should do something because it would be enjoyable, interesting etc 應該(用於建議)

    You must come and visit us again some time. 你應該找個時間再來看我們。

    You must see the Monet exhibition – it's really wonderful. 你應該去看莫奈畫展,它的確太棒了。

     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of making a suggestion: perhaps, maybe, may...
  4. 4
    used for emphasizing that you intend to do something 一定要(用於強調)

    I must introduce you to my brother. 我一定要把你介紹給我兄弟。

     Synonyms and related words
    Modal verbs: can, cannot, could...
See also
must
noun /mʌst/

phrase

  • a must

    something that you definitely need in a particular situation 必不可少的東西

    Good binoculars are a must for any serious birdwatcher. 好的雙筒望遠鏡是任何一個真正的觀鳥者所必不可少的東西。

     Synonyms and related words
    Important thing or detail: feature, priority, element...
BNC: 111 COCA: 223
BNC: 111 COCA: 223

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