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IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage
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noun /ˈdæmɪdʒ/
  1. 1
    [U] physical harm caused to something so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured （有形的）损害，损伤

    Mr Charlton surveyed the damage caused by the bulldozer. 查尔顿先生检查了推土机造成的破坏。

    damage to :

    Damage to the building could take six months to repair. 对大楼的损坏可能需要6个月修理。

    do damage :

    No damage had been done, and we pushed the van back onto the road. 没有造成任何损坏，我们把货车推回到路上。

    suffer damage :

    The house suffered only superficial damage in the fire. 房子在大火中只是表面受损而已。

    serious/severe/extensive damage :

    A fire had caused serious damage to their flat. 大火给他们的公寓造成了严重的破坏。

    permanent/irreparable/irreversible damage :

    Mining in the area was doing irreparable damage to the environment. 这个地区的采矿业正在对环境造成无法挽回的破坏。

    brain/liver/nerve damage :

    a new drug to treat nerve damage 治疗神经损伤的一种新药

    storm/flood/fire/bomb damage (=damage caused by a storm, fire etc) 暴风雨/水灾/火灾/轰炸造成的损失 :

    Experts have been assessing the level of flood damage. 专家已在估计水灾造成的损失程度。

     Synonyms and related words
    Destruction and damage: damage, destruction, harm...
    Collocates: damage
    Adjectives frequently used with damage
    ▪  extensive, heavy, irreparable, irreversible, permanent, serious, severe, significant, untold, widespread
  2. 2
    [U] emotional or mental harm caused to someone 感情伤害；精神伤害

    Many traumatic events may be overcome without lasting damage. 许多令人痛苦难忘的事件也许可以忘掉，而不造成永久性的精神伤害。

     Synonyms and related words
    Psychological processes: catharsis, complex, conditioning...
  3. 3
    [U] negative effects on someone or something 伤害；负面影响
    damage to :

    The damage to the bank's image is extremely serious. 对这家银行的形象造成的负面影响是极其严重的。

    untold damage (=damage that is impossible to measure) 不可估量的伤害 :

    The revelations caused untold damage to his political reputation. 被揭露出来的内情对他的政治声誉造成了不可估量的损害。

     Synonyms and related words
    Faults: fault, defect, weakness...
  4. 4

    damages

    [plural] legal money that a court orders you to pay someone because you have harmed them or their property 损害赔偿金
    pay damages :

    Mrs Owen was ordered to pay damages of £6,000. 欧文太太被判支付6000英镑的损害赔偿金。

    award/grant (someone) damages :

    The jury awarded damages of over $9 million to the victims. 陪审团判给受害者超过900万英镑的损害赔偿金。

    seek/demand damages :

    Brown is seeking damages of $1,500 for each day of his incarceration.

    be denied/refused damages :

    The man was refused damages on the grounds that he had suffered embarrassment but not distress.

    obtain damages :

    The injured party needs to prove the extent of the harm in order to obtain damages.

     Synonyms and related words
    Punishments outside of prison: approved premises, bail, bail hostel...
Get It Right!: damage
When damage means ‘harm or injury' it is an uncountable noun, and so:
▪  it is never used in the plural
▪  it never comes after a or a number
✗ These toxins can cause damages to the lungs and brains.
✓ These toxins can cause damage to the lungs and brains.
✗ They should consider the serious damages that their decisions may cause.
✓ They should consider the serious damage that their decisions may cause.
✗ A great damage has been done to agriculture, forests, and people's health.
✓ Great damage has been done to agriculture, forests, and people's health.
The plural form damages is a specialized legal term meaning ‘money that a court orders you to pay someone because you have harmed them or their property'.
Mr Galloway was awarded substantial damages.
damage
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verb [T] /ˈdæmɪdʒ/
present tense
I/you/we/theydamage
he/she/itdamages
present participledamaging
past tensedamaged
past participledamaged
  1. 1
    to harm something physically so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured 损害；伤害；破坏

    Many buildings and cars had been damaged in the blast. 许多楼房和汽车在爆炸中受损。

    Jogging on roads can damage your knees. 在公路上慢跑会损害膝关节。

    badly/severely/seriously/extensively damage :

    The house had been severely damaged by fire. 房子已遭大火严重损坏。

    irreparably/permanently damage :

    Environmentalists argue that the scheme would irreparably damage the island's ecology. 环境保护论者认为这项规划会对该岛的生态造成不可弥补的破坏。

     Synonyms and related words
    To damage or spoil something: damage, spoil, mark...
  2. 2
    to have a negative effect on someone or something 伤害；对…造成负面影响

    This latest crisis could damage prospects for economic recovery. 最近的这场危机可能会对经济复苏的前景造成负面影响。

    badly/seriously/severely damage :

    His political reputation has been seriously damaged by the scandal. 他的政治声誉受到了丑闻的严重损害。

     Synonyms and related words
    To have a bad effect, or to reduce a good effect: damage, spoil, harm...

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