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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty
noun [C] /ˈpen(ə)lti/
singularpenalty
pluralpenalties
  1. 1
    a punishment for breaking a rule or law 处罚;刑罚;惩罚
    penalty for :

    The maximum penalty for the offence is two years' imprisonment. 此种罪行的最高刑罚是两年监禁。

    severe/heavy/stiff/tough penalties :

    There are severe penalties for companies who breach environmental laws. 违反环境法规的公司将受到严厉惩处。

    Under the law the president is able to impose tough penalties. 依照法律,总统可以施行严厉的处罚。

    carry a penalty :

    The crime carries a much heavier penalty in the US. 这种罪行在美国受到的惩罚要重得多。

     Synonyms and related words
    General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
    1. a.
      a punishment for breaking a rule in a game, sport, or activity (游戏、运动或活动中的)判罚,处罚

      Riders can incur time penalties for failing to keep to their lane. 骑手们如果偏离跑道将被罚时。

       Synonyms and related words
      General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
  2. 2
    something bad that happens to you because of your behaviour or position in society (由于自身行为或社会处境造成的)恶果,不利之处
    penalty of/for :

    Increased risk of skin cancer is one of the penalties of sunbathing. 日光浴的坏处之一就是增加了患皮肤癌的风险。

    pay the penalty (for something) (=to suffer because of your behaviour) (因某事而)受苦,受损害 :

    Some growers are paying the penalty for not watering crops sufficiently in hot weather. 有一些种植者因为在天气炎热的时候没给庄稼浇足够的水而自食恶果。

     Synonyms and related words
    General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
  3. 3
    in football, rugby, and similar sports, a chance to score a goal or point without other players trying to take the ball off you. This is given to you because an opponent has broken a rule (足球、橄榄球及类似运动中的)罚球

    They scored from a penalty awarded when Jenkins handled the ball. 詹金斯手球犯规,结果他们罚球命中得分。

    take a penalty :

    The skipper told me I had to take the penalty and I was delighted.

    miss a penalty :

    Southgate missed a penalty that would have won them the match. 索斯盖特罚失了一粒本可令他们获胜的点球。

    kick a penalty (=in rugby) (橄榄球运动中)踢出罚球 :

    Fox kicked a last-minute penalty to give the All-Blacks a sensational victory. 福克斯最后一分钟罚球命中,使“全黑人”队取得了一次精彩的胜利。

     Synonyms and related words
    Actions in playing games or sports: backhand, backhander, ball...
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty

noun¹

1punishment懲罰ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVEharsh, heavy, hefty, severe, stiff, strict, substantial, tough嚴厲的處罰;重罰;嚴懲draconian嚴厲的處罰light輕罰maximum, minimum最重的/最輕的處罰ultimate極刑These crimes carried with them the ultimate penalty of execution.這些罪行導致他們被處以極刑。automatic, fixed, mandatory自動處罰;定額罰款;強制性處罰a new system of fixed penalties for most traffic offences一套新的適用於大多數交通違章的定額罰款系統The legislation sanctions harsh mandatory penalties for weapons possession.法規批准對持有武器實行嚴厲制裁。financial, monetary, tax經濟處罰;罰款;稅務罰款the heavy financial penalties of paying off the loan early為提前還清貸款而交納的巨額罰款exit, redemption (both BrE) 按揭退出費;解除抵押罰金There are redemption penalties if you pay off the mortgage early.如果提前還清按揭,要付解約費。death死刑the movement for the abolition of the death penalty爭取廢除死刑的運動civil, criminal民事/刑事處罰VERB + PENALTYimpose, introduce, levy加以處罰;推行處罰;收罰款reintroduce, restore恢復處罰calls to restore the death penalty對恢復死刑的呼籲apply, give, hand down, hand out40 - espbr added :pooler-->, issue (especially BrE) 運用/給予/公佈/提出/發佈處罰The penalty handed down was disproportionate to the crime committed.被判處的刑罰與所犯罪行不相稱。exact (formal) , implement (especially BrE) 強制執行/實施懲罰From time to time, the death penalty was exacted for murder.犯謀殺罪者有時被執行死刑。charge (especially BrE) 收取罰金20 in BrE - espbr added :pooler-->Some lenders charge heavy penalties for early settlement.有些貸款人對提前還清貸款收取巨額罰金。enforce, prescribe執行/處以罰款threaten威脅要處罰receive收到罰款seek謀求罰款He was seeking financial penalties against the company.他正謀求對該公司處以罰款。deserve應該受罰risk冒罰款的風險increase, stiffen, toughen加重/加強/強化處罰reduce減輕處罰attract, carry招致處罰crimes which carry severe penalties要受嚴懲的罪行face, incur面臨/招致處罰avoid, escape避免/逃脫處罰waive免予處罰Credit card companies will waive penalties for flood victims who are unable to pay on time.信用卡公司將免除無法按時還款的水災災民的滯納金。eliminate撤銷處罰PENALTY + NOUNfee罰款notice, ticket (both BrE) 罰款通知單You will be given a fixed penalty notice if you fail to renew insurance on time.如未能及時續保,將收到定額罰款通知書。fine (BrE) 罰款There is a fixed penalty fine of £50 for allowing your dog to foul public places.狗在公共場所排便,其主人要被處以 50 英鎊的定額罰款。point (BrE) 違章駕駛罰分Penalty points are given to drivers who speed.超速行駛的司機要被扣違章分。payment (especially BrE) 罰款繳付clause (especially BrE) 處罰條款system罰款制度PREPOSITIONon penalty of, under penalty of違背則受⋯處罰The Romans prohibited the teaching of the Torah on penalty of death.羅馬人禁止講授《摩西五經》,違者處死。The application should be signed under penalty of perjury.申請應簽字,否則以偽證罪論處。penalty for因⋯而受的處罰the penalty for murder因謀殺而受的刑罰penalty on對⋯的處罰He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders.他揚言要對未成年犯施加更嚴厲的處罰。
penalty

noun²

2disadvantage不利VERB + PENALTY | PREPOSITION VERB + PENALTYpay, suffer付出代價;招致苦惱He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth.現在他要為虛度青春付出代價。People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods.失業者遭受的痛苦時間更長。accept接受不利後果PREPOSITIONpenalty for因⋯引起不利後果You must accept the penalty for your rash actions.你必須為你的魯莽行為付出代價。penalty of⋯的弊端It's just one of the penalties of fame.它只是成名帶來的苦惱之一。
penalty

noun³

3in football/soccer足球ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVEcontroversial, disputed, dodgy, informal) , dubious有爭議的處罰;可疑判罰winning制勝的點球well-struck踢得非常好的點球missed沒有踢進的點球first-half, injury-time, second-half上半場的/傷停補時階段的/下半場的點球early, late開場不久的/臨近終場的點球last-minute最後關頭的點球12th-minute, etc.第 12 分鐘等的點球VERB + PENALTYaward (sb), give (sb)判給(某人)點球concede, give away送上點球They were leading until Cole gave away a penalty.在科爾送出一粒點球之前他們一直領先。appeal for要求裁判判罰點球be awarded, be given, earn, get, have, land, win被判給點球;得到點球機會We were unlucky not to get a penalty.很不幸,我們沒得到點球機會。boot50 :pooler-->, dispatch, kick, strike70 :pooler-->, take踢點球300 :pooler-->score from罰點球得分190 :pooler-->Owen scored from a first-half penalty.歐文上半場點球得分。net, slot home踢進點球;點球破門Ricketts netted his third penalty of the season to put his team ahead.裏基茨打進了他本賽季的第三粒點球,使他的球隊領先。miss沒撲到點球save撲出點球PENALTY + NOUNarea, box, corner, spot罰球區;受罰席;罰球區角;罰球點award獲點球kick踢點球shoot-out點球決勝負goal點球得分miss點球罰失100 :pooler-->save點球的撲救100 :pooler-->taker點球主罰者chance, opportunity點球機會attempt想製造點球PREPOSITIONpenalty by, penalty from由⋯罰的點球They won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry.他們靠弗賴伊臨近終場的一粒點球贏得了比賽勝利。 topic at sports
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty noun
punishment

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