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BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first
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adverb, number, pronoun, noun /fɜː(r)st/
First can be used in the following ways: first有以下用法:
as a number: 用作数词: This is the first car I've ever owned. 这是我拥有的第一辆小汽车。
as a pronoun: 用作代词: It's often tougher for a team in their second year than their first. 对一支球队而言，第二年往往比第一年更艰难。
as an adverb: 用作副词: Speak to me first, before you do anything. 你做任何事情前都先跟我讲一下。
as a sentence adverb (making a comment on the whole sentence or clause): 用作句子副词（对整个句子或分句进行评价）: First, I want to explain the purpose of this meeting. 首先，我想说明一下这次会议的目的。
as a noun: 用作名词: He got a first from Oxford. 他获得了牛津大学的优等学位。 That visit was a first for me. 那次访问对我来说是第一次。
  1. 1
    before any others or before everything else
    1. a.
      coming, happening, or starting before all the others 第一；首先；最初（的）

      He has two daughters from his first marriage and a son from his second. 他第一次婚姻给他带来两个女儿，第二次带来一个儿子。

      Julia got there first, but Susan arrived just a few minutes later. 朱莉娅首先到达那里，不过苏珊几分钟后就来了。

      I was first in the queue so I think I should be served first. 我排在第一位，所以我认为应该先得到服务。

      the first :

      The lecture is the first in a series that will be presented at the university. 该讲座是这所大学将要举办的系列讲座的第一讲。

       Synonyms and related words
      Before a time or event: before, first, early...
    2. b.
      if you do something first, you do it before you do anything else 首先；先

      First, let's go around the room and introduce ourselves. 首先，我们在房间里转转并作一下自我介绍吧。

      Can't I just finish reading this article first? 难道我就不可以先看完这篇文章吗？

       Synonyms and related words
      Before a time or event: before, first, early...
    3. c.
      used for introducing the thing that comes before the others in a series or list （用于介绍一连串事物或清单中的第一条）第一，首先

      There is a strict procedure you must follow: first make sure the safety catch is on. 有一个你必须严格遵循的程序：首先务必将保险栓拉上。

    4. d.
      used for referring to a thing or place that you reach before any other when you are going somewhere （到达的）第一个

      Take the first turning on the right. 在第一个拐弯处向右转。

      It's the first house that you come to. 这是你看到的第一幢房子。

  2. 2
    never done before
    1. a.
      used for referring to something that has never happened before, or has not happened since a particular time 最初（的）；第一次（的）

      This will be Kenny's first trip overseas. 这将是肯尼第一次到海外旅行。

      I first met him in 1980. 我1980年第一次见到他。

      the first :

      The strike is the first in the industry since 1987. 这是1987年以来该行业的首次罢工。

      the first time :

      I remember the first time I went to church. 我记得我第一次上教堂做礼拜的情景。

    2. b.

      the first

      used for referring to someone who does something that no one has ever done before, or that no one has done since a particular time 第一个（人）；第一位

      Who was the first man on the moon? 谁是第一个登上月球的人？

      ‘Has anyone else visited you?' ‘No, you're the first.' “还有其他人来看望过你吗？”“没有，你是第一个。”

      the first to do something :

      Hillary and Norgay were the first to climb Everest. 希拉里和诺盖是最早攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人。

       Synonyms and related words
      Inventors, innovators and creators: creative commons, engineer, the first...
    3. c.

      a first

      something that has never happened before and is therefore important or exciting 第一次

      He cooked me a meal, which was a first for him. 他为我做了一顿饭，这对他来说是破天荒第一次。

       Synonyms and related words
      Surprises and shocking events: surprise, shock, blow...
  3. 3
    at the beginning of a period of time, a situation, an activity etc （时间、情景、活动等）最初（的），开始（的）

    They borrowed $65 million to cover the first six months of 1993. 他们借了6,500万美元来应付1993年前6个月的开支。

    When I first started running, I could do a mile in nine minutes. 我刚开始跑的时候，跑1英里花9分钟。

    The first few days of our holiday were wonderful. 我们假期开始的那几天过得很愉快。

     Synonyms and related words
    From or at the beginning: original, initial, early...
  4. 4
    more important than anyone or anything else
    1. a.
      used for referring to the main or most important thing 首先；最

      His first love was music. 他最喜欢的是音乐。

      Our first consideration must be the safety of the passengers. 我们首先考虑的必须是乘客的安全。

       Synonyms and related words
      Words used for saying that something is important: essentially, importantly, basically...
    2. b.
      used for giving an important fact or reason that will be followed by other less important facts （重要事实或原因中）第一，首先

      There are four reasons. First, the company has to make money. 有4个原因。第一，公司必须赚钱。

       Synonyms and related words
      Words used for saying that something is important: essentially, importantly, basically...
  5. 5
    better than anyone or anything else in a game, competition etc （比赛、竞赛等中）优胜，第一名

    Karen has always been first in her class. 卡伦总是她班上的第一名。

    come first :

    Phil Gray came first in the under-12 competition. 菲尔·格雷在12岁以下年龄组的竞赛中获得第一名。

    first prize/place :

    Crowe's book of poems won first prize in last year's competition. 克罗的诗集在去年的比赛中获得一等奖。

     Synonyms and related words
    Best: best, ideal, first class...
  6. 6
    education in the UK and Australia, the highest mark for an undergraduate degree from a university （英国和澳大利亚大学本科生获得的）最高成绩，优等学位
    get a first in something :

    He got a first in maths from Imperial College. 他获得了皇家学院的数学优等学位。

     Synonyms and related words
    Degrees and other academic qualifications: 2.1, 2.2, A.A....
  7. 7
    used for referring to the lowest gear of a car, bicycle etc （汽车、自行车等的）一挡，最低挡

    Move down to first gear. 降到一挡。

    Now put the car in first. 现在把车开到一挡。

     Synonyms and related words
    Relating to cars and other road vehicles: the AA, auto, automobile...
BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first

noun¹

 1 ( first gear) lowest gear on a bicycle/vehicle自行車或汽車的最低擋VERB + FIRST | PREPOSITION VERB + FIRST➤get into, move into, slam into掛上頭擋◇As he moved into first, the engine made a strange noise.他掛一擋時，發動機發出奇怪的噪聲。➤engage (formal) 掛上一擋◇She engaged first gear and pulled off.她掛上一擋把車開到路邊停下。➤put sth into把⋯掛上頭擋◇Put the car into first and pull off slowly.把車掛到頭擋駛向路邊慢慢停下來。➤find找到一擋位置◇It's very difficult to find first on this car.這輛車的一擋很難掛。PREPOSITION➤in first掛一擋◇I had to drive all the way home in first.我不得不掛一擋一路開車回家。
first

noun²

 2 (BrE) highest level of university degree大學中的優等成績ADJECTIVE | VERB + FIRST | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤double兩名學科獲優等成績◇She did Philosophy and English Literature and got a double first.她修了哲學和英國文學並且都獲得了優等成績。VERB + FIRST➤be awarded, gain, get, obtain獲得優等成績PREPOSITION➤first in⋯獲得優等◇He got a first in modern history.他的現代史得了優。
BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first det., adj.
⇨ first (first impressions) ⇨ top (first prize) first

determiner

,

adjective

first ♦︎ initial ♦︎ original ♦︎ preliminary ♦︎ opening ♦︎ earliest ♦︎ primary ♦︎ introductory ♦︎ preparatoryThese words all describe sth that happens or exists at the beginning. 这些词均表示最初的、开始的、最早的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆preliminary / preparatory to sth◆the first / initial / preliminary / opening / earliest / primary / introductory / preparatory stage◆first / initial / original / preliminary / opening / introductory remarks◆a first / an initial / an original / a preliminary estimate / draft / version◆the first / initial / preliminary / introductory / preparatory meeting◆a first / an initial / a preliminary step / appointment / visit◆the first / opening / introductory chapter / paragraph◆the initial / the original / a preliminary / a preparatory study◆the initial / original / preliminary findings■ first

determiner

(of a person or thing) happening or coming before all other similar things or people; 1st 第一◆his first wife他的第一任妻子◆King Richard I (= said as 'King Richard the First') 英王理查一世◆It was the first time they had ever met.这是他们初次见面。◆She resolved to do it at the first opportunity.她决定一有机会就去做。◆First impressions can be misleading.最初的印象有时会误导人。◆You can have first choice of all the rooms.所有房间由你优先挑选。◆We're having chicken for the first course.我们的第一道菜是鸡肉。OPP last ⇨ last 1 , last ⇨ last 2 ▸ first

adverb

◆First I had to decide what to wear.首先我得决定穿什么。◆Who came first in the race (= who won)?赛跑谁得第一？▸ at first

idiom

◆At first I thought she was joking but then I realized she meant it.起先我以为她在开玩笑，但随后意识到她是认真的。◆I didn't like the job much at first.起初我并不太喜欢这个工作。■ initial ɪˈnɪʃl [only before noun] happening at the beginning; first 最初的；开始的；第一的◆My initial reaction was to decline the offer.我最初的反应是想要谢绝这个提议。◆It is the initial preparation that takes the time.花时间的是最初的准备工作。◆There is an initial payment of £60 followed by ten instalments of £25.首期付款60英镑，接下来还有十次25英镑的分期付款。ⓘ Initial is used especially to talk about a reaction or feeling that does not last very long * initial尤用以描述持续时间不太长的反应或感觉◆By 1960 the initial optimism had evaporated.到1960年时，最初的乐观主义已经消失了。◆sb's initial response / impression / instinct / shock / surprise / enthusiasm / euphoria / excitement / scepticism / reluctance某人最初的反应／印象／本能／震惊／惊诧／热情／兴奋／激动／怀疑／不情愿; about a stage in a process 还可形容过程中的一个阶段◆the initial stage / phase / step / planning / preparation初始阶段／时期；第一步；最初的计划／准备; or about paying or spending money. 亦可描述付款或花费◆the initial investment / payment / outlay首期投资／付款；初期项目经费 OPP final ⇨ last 1 ▸ initially

adverb

◆My contract is initially for three years.我的合同最初订了三年。◆Initially, the system worked well.开始时系统运转良好。■ original [only before noun] existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity, especially before being changed into sth else 原来的，起初的，原本的（尤指后来发生了变化）◆The room still has many of its original features.房间还保留着当初的许多特点。◆I think you should go back to your original plan.我认为你应该回头执行你原来的计划。▸ originally

adverb

◆The school was originally very small.这所学校一开始很小。◆He comes originally from Peru.他原本来自秘鲁。■ preliminary prɪˈlɪmɪnəri; NAmE prɪˈlɪmɪnerihappening before a more important action or event, especially by introducing or preparing for it 预备性的；初步的；前期的◆After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners.说了几句开场白后，他即宣布优胜者名单。◆This is just a pilot study preliminary to a full-scale study.这只是进行全面研究之前的试验性研究。■ opening [only before noun](especially of sth that sb says or writes, or a piece of music, etc.) happening at the beginning （尤指讲话或文字作品、乐曲等）开始的，开篇的◆She was humming the opening bars of a song she had heard on the radio.她正哼着在收音机里听过的一首歌的开头几句。◆United scored in the opening minutes of the game.比赛一开场没几分钟联队就得分了。OPP closing ⇨ last 1   see also opening ⇨ start noun , open ⇨ begin verb ■ earliest the nearest to the beginning of an event or period of time 最早的◆The earliest description of this species dates from 1816.对这一物种最早的描述可以追溯到1816年。◆The earliest possible date I can make is the third.我能定下来的最早的日期是3号。■ primary ˈpraɪməri; NAmE ˈpraɪmeri [usually before noun] (formal or technical 术语) developing or happening first; earliest 最初的；最早的◆The disease is still in its primary stage.这病尚处于初始阶段。◆It is not self-evident what the primary causes of this phenomenon are.这种现象最初的原因是什么，并非显而易见。  see also primary ⇨ main ■ introductory ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri written or said at the beginning of sth as an introduction to what follows; intended as an introduction to a subject or activity for people who have never done it before 引导的；介绍的；入门的◆The booklist at the end of the chapter contains some introductory reading on the subject.章节末尾的书单列出了一些有关该主题的导读材料。◆I took an introductory class in psychology during my first year at college.我大学一年级时修了一门心理学基础课程。   see also introduction ⇨ basics , introduction ⇨ introduction 2 ■ preparatory prɪˈpærətri; NAmE prɪˈpærətɔːri [only before noun] (especially BrE, formal) done in order to prepare for sth 预备的；作准备的◆After a few preparatory drawings, she completed the portrait in one session.试画了几幅之后，她一气呵成地完成了这幅肖像。◆Security checks had been carried out preparatory to (= to prepare for) the President's visit.为迎接总统来访，已预先进行了安全检查。   see also preparation ⇨ planning , prepare ⇨ prepare 1 , prepare ⇨ prepare 2

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