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IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage
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noun /ˈdæmɪdʒ/
  1. 1
    [U] physical harm caused to something so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured （有形的）损害，损伤

    Mr Charlton surveyed the damage caused by the bulldozer. 查尔顿先生检查了推土机造成的破坏。

    damage to :

    Damage to the building could take six months to repair. 对大楼的损坏可能需要6个月修理。

    do damage :

    No damage had been done, and we pushed the van back onto the road. 没有造成任何损坏，我们把货车推回到路上。

    suffer damage :

    The house suffered only superficial damage in the fire. 房子在大火中只是表面受损而已。

    serious/severe/extensive damage :

    A fire had caused serious damage to their flat. 大火给他们的公寓造成了严重的破坏。

    permanent/irreparable/irreversible damage :

    Mining in the area was doing irreparable damage to the environment. 这个地区的采矿业正在对环境造成无法挽回的破坏。

    brain/liver/nerve damage :

    a new drug to treat nerve damage 治疗神经损伤的一种新药

    storm/flood/fire/bomb damage (=damage caused by a storm, fire etc) 暴风雨/水灾/火灾/轰炸造成的损失 :

    Experts have been assessing the level of flood damage. 专家已在估计水灾造成的损失程度。

     Synonyms and related words
    Destruction and damage: damage, destruction, harm...
    Collocates: damage
    Adjectives frequently used with damage
    ▪  extensive, heavy, irreparable, irreversible, permanent, serious, severe, significant, untold, widespread
  2. 2
    [U] emotional or mental harm caused to someone 感情伤害；精神伤害

    Many traumatic events may be overcome without lasting damage. 许多令人痛苦难忘的事件也许可以忘掉，而不造成永久性的精神伤害。

     Synonyms and related words
    Psychological processes: catharsis, complex, conditioning...
  3. 3
    [U] negative effects on someone or something 伤害；负面影响
    damage to :

    The damage to the bank's image is extremely serious. 对这家银行的形象造成的负面影响是极其严重的。

    untold damage (=damage that is impossible to measure) 不可估量的伤害 :

    The revelations caused untold damage to his political reputation. 被揭露出来的内情对他的政治声誉造成了不可估量的损害。

     Synonyms and related words
    Faults: fault, defect, weakness...
  4. 4

    damages

    [plural] legal money that a court orders you to pay someone because you have harmed them or their property 损害赔偿金
    pay damages :

    Mrs Owen was ordered to pay damages of £6,000. 欧文太太被判支付6000英镑的损害赔偿金。

    award/grant (someone) damages :

    The jury awarded damages of over $9 million to the victims. 陪审团判给受害者超过900万英镑的损害赔偿金。

    seek/demand damages :

    Brown is seeking damages of $1,500 for each day of his incarceration.

    be denied/refused damages :

    The man was refused damages on the grounds that he had suffered embarrassment but not distress.

    obtain damages :

    The injured party needs to prove the extent of the harm in order to obtain damages.

     Synonyms and related words
    Punishments outside of prison: approved premises, bail, bail hostel...
Get It Right!: damage
When damage means ‘harm or injury' it is an uncountable noun, and so:
▪  it is never used in the plural
▪  it never comes after a or a number
✗ These toxins can cause damages to the lungs and brains.
✓ These toxins can cause damage to the lungs and brains.
✗ They should consider the serious damages that their decisions may cause.
✓ They should consider the serious damage that their decisions may cause.
✗ A great damage has been done to agriculture, forests, and people's health.
✓ Great damage has been done to agriculture, forests, and people's health.
The plural form damages is a specialized legal term meaning ‘money that a court orders you to pay someone because you have harmed them or their property'.
Mr Galloway was awarded substantial damages.
damage
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verb [T] /ˈdæmɪdʒ/
present tense
I/you/we/theydamage
he/she/itdamages
present participledamaging
past tensedamaged
past participledamaged
  1. 1
    to harm something physically so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured 损害；伤害；破坏

    Many buildings and cars had been damaged in the blast. 许多楼房和汽车在爆炸中受损。

    Jogging on roads can damage your knees. 在公路上慢跑会损害膝关节。

    badly/severely/seriously/extensively damage :

    The house had been severely damaged by fire. 房子已遭大火严重损坏。

    irreparably/permanently damage :

    Environmentalists argue that the scheme would irreparably damage the island's ecology. 环境保护论者认为这项规划会对该岛的生态造成不可弥补的破坏。

     Synonyms and related words
    To damage or spoil something: damage, spoil, mark...
  2. 2
    to have a negative effect on someone or something 伤害；对…造成负面影响

    This latest crisis could damage prospects for economic recovery. 最近的这场危机可能会对经济复苏的前景造成负面影响。

    badly/seriously/severely damage :

    His political reputation has been seriously damaged by the scandal. 他的政治声誉受到了丑闻的严重损害。

     Synonyms and related words
    To have a bad effect, or to reduce a good effect: damage, spoil, harm...
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun¹

 1harm/injury危害；損傷ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGE | DAMAGE + VERB | DAMAGE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, heavy, massive, serious, severe, significant, substantial, untold重大的損害；嚴重的損害；不可估量的損害◇The power plant will cause untold damage to the local environment.電站將會對當地環境造成不可估量的損害。➤minimal, minor, slight最小的／較小的／輕微的損害▸➤extensive, widespread大範圍的破壞；大面積的損害▸➤irreparable, irreversible, lasting, long-term, permanent不可彌補的／無法挽回的／持久的／長期的／永久的損害◇The incident did permanent damage to relations between the two countries.這起事件對兩國關係造成了永久的損害。➤potential潛在的損害▸➤criminal, malicious, wilful (all BrE, law法律) 刑事損害；蓄意損毀◇He was prosecuted for criminal damage to a vehicle.他被控對汽車存在刑事損害。➤accidental意外損害◇The insurance policy covers the building for accidental damage.這份保單承保這座建築的意外毀損。➤emotional, environmental, mechanical, physical, psychological, structural感情傷害；環境破壞；機械損傷；身體傷害；精神傷害；結構損壞▸➤brain, liver, nerve, etc.腦部、肝臟、神經等損傷◇She suffered serious brain damage at birth.她出生時腦部嚴重損傷。➤property財產損失▸➤collateral附帶傷害VERB + DAMAGE➤cause, do, inflict引起損害；造成損傷；加以傷害◇The earthquake caused widespread damage to property.地震造成了大範圍的財產損失。◇They inflicted severe psychological damage on their opponents.他們給對手造成了極大的心理傷害。➤suffer, sustain遭受破壞；蒙受損失▸➤repair彌補損失▸➤pay for賠償損失▸➤assess評估損失▸➤avoid, prevent避免／防止損失▸➤limit, minimize, reduce限制／最大限度減少／減少損失DAMAGE + VERB➤occur, result損失發生／產生DAMAGE + NOUN➤assessment, report損失評估／報告➤control, limitation (especially BrE) 損失控制／限制◇Serious damage control was needed after the information was leaked to the papers.信息泄露給報界後，需要採取嚴格的損失控制措施。◇The attempt at stopping the floods turned into a damage-limitation exercise.阻止洪水的奮戰變成了一場盡可能控制損失的演練。PREPOSITION➤damage by由⋯引起的損害◇The building suffered extensive damage by fire in 1925.這座建築在 1925 年因火災遭到了大面積的損毀。➤damage from來自⋯的傷害◇Crops are sprayed with chemicals to prevent damage from insects.莊稼噴上了農藥預防蟲害。➤damage to對⋯的破壞◇lasting damage to the environment對環境的持久破壞PHRASES➤the cost of the damage損失的代價◇The cost of the damage is estimated at around $2 billion.損失估計約有 20 億美元。➤the damage is done事已至此（已無法挽回）◇Don't try to apologize－the damage is done.別道歉了 － 已於事無補了。➤the extent of the damage損害的程度◇At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage.損毀程度目前還很難估計。
damage

noun²

 2damages money you can claim from sb損害賠償金ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGES | DAMAGES + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤civil民事賠償金▸➤substantial巨額賠償金➤punitive懲罰性損害賠償金VERB + DAMAGES➤incur, suffer引發／遭受損害賠償◇damages incurred by the unfairly sacked workers不公平解雇工人引發的損害賠償➤claim, seek, sue (sb) for索賠；尋求賠償；起訴（某人）要求賠償◇He decided to sue the company for damages.他決定起訴這家公司要求賠償損失。➤assess確定賠償額◇The court will assess the damages.法庭將會評定損失賠償額。➤award (sb)判給（某人）損害賠償金▸➤pay (sb)賠償（某人）損失▸➤obtain, receive, recover, win獲得損害賠償金；收到損害賠償金▸➤be liable for, be liable in (BrE, both law法律) 有責任賠償損失◇If goods are lost in transit, the carrier will be liable for damages.貨物若在運輸途中丟失，承運人有責任賠償。DAMAGES + NOUN➤action, claim損害賠償訴訟；索賠◇A woman is to bring a civil damages claim against the two men.一名女子要對這兩名男子提起民事賠償訴訟。➤award損害賠償金裁決PREPOSITION➤in damage以賠償金形式◇They are claiming $5 million in damages.他們索賠 500 萬美元損失費。➤damage for為⋯的賠償◇He received damages for personal injury.他拿到了人身傷害賠償金。➤damage of⋯的賠償金◇She was awarded damages of £90 000.她得到 9 萬英鎊的賠償金。PHRASES➤an action for damages, a claim for damages索賠訴訟；索賠◇The judge upheld her claim for damages against her former employer.法官支持她向以前的雇主索賠。
damage

verb

ADVERB➤badly, heavily, seriously, severely嚴重破壞◇The building was badly damaged by fire.這座建築遭到大火嚴重破壞。➤slightly輕微破壞▸➤irreparably, permanently不可彌補地破壞；永久性地破壞◇She may have damaged her health irreparably.她可能已經對自己的健康造成了不可彌補的傷害。
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun

damage ♦︎ harm ♦︎ detrimentThese are all words for the bad effects on sb/sth of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event. 这些词均表示不幸事件造成的伤害、损害。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆damage / harm / detriment to sth◆damage / harm from sth◆great / serious / severe / lasting / long-term / environmental damage / harm / detriment◆real / irreparable / permanent / physical / bodily / personal / emotional / psychological damage / harm◆to cause / do / inflict / suffer / escape / prevent damage / harm◆damage / harm results from sth■ damage [uncountable] the fact of sth being broken or spoiled, or the pain or suffering felt by sb, as a result of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event 破坏；损害；伤害◆The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $60 million.估计地震造成6 000万元的财产损失。◆We assessed the storm damage.我们估算了暴风雨所造成的损失。◆He was hit by a car and suffered severe brain damage.他被汽车撞了，脑部严重受伤。◆I insist on paying for the damage.我坚持要赔偿损失。◆I'm going－I've done enough damage here already.我走了，我在这里造成的损害已经够多了。   see also damaging ⇨ harmful ■ harm [uncountable] damage or suffering caused to sb/sth 伤害；损害◆The accident could have been worse; luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多，所幸没有造成损伤。◆The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.他们的治疗反而使他病情加重了。◆Hard work never did anyone any harm.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。◆He may look fierce, but he means no harm.他也许看上去很凶，但并无恶意。◆Don't worry, we'll see that the children come to no harm.别担心，我们会保证孩子们安然无恙。◆I prefer the children to play in the garden where they're out of harm's way.我比较喜欢让孩子在花园里玩耍，因为那里安全。   see also harmful ⇨ harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage or harm?Use damage to talk about the effects of storms, floods, fire, etc. on buildings and other objects. 表示暴风雨、洪水、火灾等给建筑物或其他物体造成的破坏用damage◆storm / flood / fire / smoke / bomb / structural damage暴风雨／洪水破坏；火灾损失；烟雾熏坏；炸弹毁坏；结构破坏Use damage to talk about the physical state of unhealthy organs in the body. 表示体内器官受损用damage◆liver / kidney / lung / brain damage肝／肾／肺／脑损伤Use damage or harm to talk about mental or emotional suffering. 表示精神或感情上受伤害用damage或harm◆emotional / psychological / social damage / harm感情／心理／社会伤害Use harm in a number of fixed phrases (see above) to express opinions about what or who may cause harm, or whether harm has been caused. * harm用于一些固定短语（如上），表达认为什么（或谁）可能造成伤害，或是否已经造成伤害。 ■ detriment ˈdetrɪmənt [uncountable, countable, usually singular] (formal) the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes harm or damage 伤害；损害；造成伤害（或损害）的事物◆Wood accounts for 90% of energy production in some countries, with consequent environmental detriment.有些国家90%的能源产自木材，因而给环境造成了破坏。◆He was engrossed in the job to the detriment of his health.他全力投入工作，结果损害了健康。◆The tax cannot be introduced without detriment to people's living standards.征收该税势必会影响到大众的生活水平。  see also detrimental ⇨ harmful damage

verb

damage ♦︎ hurt ♦︎ harm ♦︎ impair ♦︎ compromiseThese words all mean to have a bad effect on sb/sth. 这些词均表示伤害或损害某人或某事物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb's chances◆to damage / hurt / harm / compromise sb's reputation◆to damage / hurt / harm sb's interests / image◆to damage / harm / impair / compromise sb's health◆to seriously damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb / sth◆to greatly damage / hurt / harm / impair sb / sth◆to severely / badly damage / hurt / impair sb / sth■ damage [transitive] to cause physical harm to sth, making it less attractive, useful or valuable; to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 破坏；毁坏；损害；伤害◆Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.数辆汽车在撞车事故中损毁了。◆Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害健康。◆The allegations are likely to damage his political career.这些指控很可能损害他的政治生涯。◆He works with emotionally damaged children.他的工作是帮助有情感创伤的儿童。   see also damaging ⇨ harmful ■ hurt (hurt, hurt) [transitive] (rather informal) to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 损害；伤害；打击◆Many people on low incomes will be hurt by the government's plans.很多低收入者将会受到政府这些方案的打击。◆Hard work never hurt anyone.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。◆High interest rates are hurting the local economy.高利率正在损害本地经济。■ harm [transitive] to hurt sb/sth 伤害；损害◆Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。◆These revelations will harm her chances of winning the election.这些揭露的事实将削弱她在选举中的胜算。   see also harmful ⇨ harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage, hurt or harm? Hurt is slightly less formal than damage or harm, especially when it is used in negative statements. 与damage或harm相比，hurt稍显非正式，特别是用于否定陈述时◆It won't hurt him to have to wait a bit.等一小会儿对他不会有什么损害。◆These prices won't hurt your wallet.这些价格不会令你的荷包大出血。◆It won't damage/harm him to have to wait a bit. ◆These prices won't damage/harm your wallet. Harm is also often used to talk about ways in which things in the natural world such as birds, animals, wildlife and the environment are affected by human activity; people also talk about how an action may harm an unborn child/baby or a foetus. * harm后常接bird、animal、wildlife和environment等词，表示人类活动对自然界中生物和环境的影响；也可接unborn child/baby或foetus等词，表示某种行为危害胎儿。 ■ impair ɪmˈpeə(r); NAmE ɪmˈper [transitive] (rather formal) to damage sb's health, abilities or chances 损害；削弱◆There are a number of factors which can directly impair memory.有一些因素会直接损害记忆力。◆Even one drink can impair driving performance.即使喝一杯酒也足以影响驾驶操作。OPP improve ⇨ improve 1 ▸ impaired

adjective

 (used in compounds 用于复合词) ◆the problems faced by people who are visually / hearing impaired视力／听力受损的人所面临的问题■ compromise ˈkɒmprəmaɪz; NAmE ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz [transitive] to bring sb/sth/yourself into danger or under suspicion, especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible （尤指因行为不很明智）使陷入危险，使受到怀疑◆She has already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.她接受他的邀请，已经使她的声誉受到损害。◆Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances of reaching the finals of the competition.在这个阶段受挫会让他们进入决赛的机会变少。

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