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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 983 COCA: 611
culture
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noun /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/
singularculture
pluralcultures
  1. 1
    [U] activities involving music, literature, and other arts （包括音乐、文学等的）文化活动

    If you're looking for culture, then Paris is the place for you. 如果你要寻找文化艺术，那么巴黎就是你要找的地方。

    Britain's literary culture 英国的文学文化

     Synonyms and related words
    Culture, society and civilization: advanced, civilisation, civilise...
  2. 2
    [C/U] a set of ideas, beliefs, and ways of behaving of a particular organization or group of people 文化（指某一组织或人群的一整套思想、信念和行为方式）

    The two firms have very different corporate cultures. 这两家公司有着非常不同的企业文化。

    Some organizations encourage a culture of secrecy. 一些机构鼓励保密的做法。

     Synonyms and related words
    Theories and sets of beliefs: theory, culture, philosophy...
    1. a.
      [C] a society that has its own set of ideas, beliefs, and ways of behaving 文化群落

      people from different cultures 来自不同文化的人们

      ancient cultures 古代文明

       Synonyms and related words
      Culture, society and civilization: advanced, civilisation, civilise...
    2. b.
      [C/U] a set of ideas, beliefs, and ways of behaving of a particular society （某一社会的）文化

      societies that share the same language and culture 有着共同的语言和文化的社会

      exposure to Western culture through films and music 通过电影和音乐同西方文化的接触

       Synonyms and related words
      Theories and sets of beliefs: theory, culture, philosophy...
    See also canteen culture , youth culture
  3. 3
    [C] biology a group of bacteria or other cells that have been grown in a scientific experiment 培养菌；培养细胞

    a collection of animal cell cultures 一组动物培养细胞

     Synonyms and related words
    Cell biology: antioxidant, bioprinting, cell...
    1. a.
      [U] biology the process by which a group of bacteria or other cells is grown in a scientific experiment （细菌或细胞的）培养

      tissue culture 组织培养

       Synonyms and related words
      Cell biology: antioxidant, bioprinting, cell...
  4. 4
    [U] in agriculture, the process of growing crops or breeding animals 栽培；种植；养殖

    the culture of genetically modified crops 转基因作物的栽培

     Synonyms and related words
    General words for farming, and types of farming: agrarian, agribusiness, agricultural...
culture
verb [T] biology /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/
present tense
I/you/we/theyculture
he/she/itcultures
present participleculturing
past tensecultured
past participlecultured
  1. to grow a group of bacteria or other cells in a scientific experiment 培养（细菌或细胞）
     Synonyms and related words
    Cell biology: antioxidant, bioprinting, cell...
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 983 COCA: 611
culture

noun¹

 1customs, ideas, beliefs, etc.風俗；思想；信仰ADJECTIVE | VERB + CULTURE | CULTURE + VERB | CULTURE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤ancient, primitive古代／原始文化▸➤dominant主流文化▸➤modern, traditional現代／傳統文化➤patriarchal家長制文化➤human人類文化▸➤alien, foreign外國文化▸➤indigenous, native本土文化▸➤local, national本地／民族文化➤global, world全球／世界文化▸➤black, Greek, Islamic, Western, etc.黑人、希臘、伊斯蘭教、西方等文化◇These ideas have always been central to Western culture.這些思想始終是西方文化的核心。➤rural, urban鄉村／都市文化▸➤mainstream, underground主流／另類文化▸➤gay同性戀文化➤diverse, vibrant多樣的／充滿生機的文化▸➤bourgeois, working-class, etc.資產階級、工薪階層等文化▸➤street, youth街頭／青年文化◇As young people started to have more money, a significant youth culture developed.隨着年輕人開始越來越有錢，一種影響重大的青年文化形成了。➤dance, hip-hop, rock, etc.舞蹈、嘻哈、搖滾等文化➤computer, drug, football (BrE) 計算機／毒品／足球文化▸➤legal, political, scientific, etc.法律、政治、科學等文化◇the political culture of the US美國的政治文化➤company, corporate, organizational公司／企業／組織文化➤business, professional企業／職業文化➤academic, intellectual學術／知識文化➤religious, secular宗教／世俗文化▸➤capitalist, commercial, consumer, enterprise, materialistic, etc.資本主義、商業、消費、企業、物質主義等文化◇the development of the enterprise culture企業文化的發展➤celebrity名流文化▸➤wider更廣泛的文化◇Prisoners are isolated from the wider culture of society at large.囚犯與社會隔絕，接觸不到更為廣泛的文化。VERB + CULTURE➤assimilate融合文化◇The Romans gradually assimilated the culture of the people they had conquered.羅馬人逐漸吸收了他們所征服的民族的文化。◇Newcomers to the company are soon assimilated into the culture.新來的員工很快就為企業文化所同化。➤embrace接受文化◇immigrants who embrace American culture接受美國文化的移民➤build, create, develop, foster, produce, shape創建／創造／發展／培養／產生／形成文化◇The new director is trying to foster a culture of open communication within the company.新任主管正努力在公司內部培養一種坦誠交流的文化。➤change, transform改變文化◇The computer has changed the culture of the design profession.計算機改變了設計行業的文化。➤understand理解文化◇Children need to learn to understand cultures other than their own.除了本國文化，兒童還需要學着瞭解異域文化。➤maintain, preserve維持／保護文化➤reflect反映文化◇The paintings reflect African American culture.這些畫反映了非洲裔美國人的文化。CULTURE + VERB➤develop文化發展CULTURE + NOUN➤group文化群體◇a country containing many language and culture groups包括許多語言和文化群體的國家➤shock文化衝擊◇She experienced great culture shock when she first came to Europe.她第一次到歐洲時經歷了巨大的文化衝擊。➤clash, wars (especially NAmE) 文化衝突／戰爭➤change文化變革PREPOSITION➤in a/the culture在文化中◇In some cultures children have an important place.在某些文化中，兒童有着重要的地位。PHRASES➤a clash of cultures文化衝突➤a culture of fear, a culture of secrecy, a culture of violence恐懼／保密／暴力文化
culture

noun²

 2art, literature, music, etc藝術；文學；音樂ADJECTIVE | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤contemporary, modern, postmodern當代／現代／後現代文化▸➤mass, pop, popular大眾文化；流行文化▸➤folk民間文化▸➤high高品位文化▸➤literary, musical, oral, print書面／音樂／口頭／印刷文化◇Jokes are an important part of our popular oral culture.笑話是我們大眾口頭文化的一個重要組成部份。PHRASES➤a man of culture, a woman of culture有教養的男子／女子
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 983 COCA: 611
culture

noun

culture ♦︎ society ♦︎ community ♦︎ world ♦︎ civilization ♦︎ raceThese are all words for groups of people who share the same customs, beliefs and way of life. 这些词均表示人类群体。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(the) Western culture / society / world / civilization◆(the) Arab / Islamic culture / society / community / world◆European / American / African, etc. culture / society / civilization◆an / the English-speaking culture / community / world◆(a / an / the) ancient / modern / contemporary culture / society / world / civilization◆(an) industrial culture / society / community / civilization◆a primitive culture / society / community / race◆(a) traditional / mainstream culture / society / community◆a / the secular culture / society / world◆to create a culture / society / civilization■ culture [uncountable, countable] the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group; a country or group with its own customs, beliefs, etc. 文化，文明（指特定国家或群体的风俗、信仰、艺术、生活方式及社会组织，或拥有特定习俗、信仰等的国家、群体）◆These ideas have always been central to Western culture.这些观念一直是西方文明的核心。◆As young people started to have more money, a significant youth culture developed.当年轻人开始更有钱时，一种重要的青年文化形成了。◆The children are taught to respect different cultures.孩子们受到教育要尊重不同的文化。■ society [countable, uncountable] a country or group of people who share the same customs and laws 社会（遵守相同习俗和法律的国家或群体）◆Can Britain ever be a classless society?英国能否有朝一日成为无阶级的社会？◆Singapore has a delicately balanced multicultural society.新加坡是一个多元文化达到微妙平衡的社会。◆They were discussing the problems of Western society.他们在讨论西方社会的问题。■ community [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who share the same race, religion, job or interests, especially when they live in the same place 团体；社团；界；（尤指）社区◆Representatives of the city's Asian community had a meeting with the mayor.该市的亚裔团体代表和市长进行了会谈。◆He grew up in a close-knit fishing community.他生长在一个紧密团结的渔业社区。■ world [countable, usually singular] a particular part of the earth; a particular group of countries or people; a particular period of history and the people of that period 某地域（或民族、历史时期）的人类社会；世界◆Heads of state from all over the Arab world gathered for the conference.所有阿拉伯世界的国家首脑为了这次会议聚在一起。◆The motto was inscribed on buildings throughout the Roman world.那句箴言雕刻在罗马世界各地的建筑上。■ civilization (BrE also civilisation) ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmE ˌsɪvəlaləˈzeɪʃn [uncountable, countable] a society and its culture during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world （特定时期或地区的）社会文明◆These diseases are common in Western civilization.这些疾病在西方社会很常见。◆The Minoan civilization of Crete used two forms of script.克里特岛的米诺斯文明使用两种形式的文字。ⓘ Civilization is used especially to describe a society which is considered to have a highly developed social structure, art and beliefs. Ancient civilizations include the Greeks, the Romans, the Egyptians, the Chinese and the Sumerians. * civilization尤用于描述被认为具有高度发达的社会结构、艺术和信仰的社会。ancient civilization（古代文明）包括希腊、罗马、埃及、中国和苏美尔文明。■ race [countable] a group of people who share the same language, history and culture 民族◆Evidence suggests they were a race of nomadic hunters.证据显示他们属于游猎民族。◆He admired Canadians as a hardy and determined race.他敬佩加拿大人，因为他们是吃苦耐劳、意志坚定的民族。  see also race ⇨ people 2

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