work noun ⇨work1 (hard work)⇨work2 (find work)⇨work3 (do pioneering work in microbiology)⇨work4 (a work of fiction)⇨factory (a steelworks)⇨office1 (go to work)⇨task (police work)⇨at work⇨busyadj.1⇨out of work⇨unemployedadj.⇨be in work⇨workverb2work verb ⇨work1 (work on an assignment)⇨work2 (work as a teacher)⇨work3 (The phone isn't working.)⇨affect (work in your favour)⇨campaign (work for peace)⇨drive2 (work sb too hard)⇨farm (work the land)⇨operate (How do you work the DVD player?)work1
noun
hard work用功find work找工作do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物領域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art小說;藝術品work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ service ♦︎ toil ♦︎ drudgery ♦︎ slogThese are all words for the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth.這些詞均表示工作、勞動。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆hard work / labour / toil / slog◆daily work / labour / toil / drudgery / slog◆manual / physical / honest / unremitting work / labour / toil◆hours / years / a lifetime of work / labour / service / toil / drudgery■work [uncountable] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth工作;勞動◆She earned her grades through sheer hard work.她的學習成績完全靠刻苦用功得來。◆We started work on the project in 2002.我們於2002年開始幹這個項目。◆Work continues on renovating the hotel.這家賓館的修繕工作在繼續。◆Let's get to work(= start working).我們開始工作吧。◆She set them to work painting the fence.她讓他們給栅欄刷油漆。■labour (BrE) (NAmElabor) ˈleɪbə(r) [uncountable] work, especially physical work勞動;(尤指)體力勞動◆These women were generally accustomed to hard manual labour(= work using their hands).這些婦女對繁重的體力勞動一般都習以爲常了。◆The price will include the labour and materials.這個價格包含勞務費和材料費。◆The company wants to keep down labour costs.這家公司想保持低勞動成本。■service [uncountable] the work that sb does for an organization, especially when it continues for a long time or is admired very much(尤指長期、受到敬重的)工作,效勞,服務◆She has just celebrated 25 years' service with the company.她剛剛慶祝在公司任職25周年。◆The employees have good conditions of service.員工有良好的工作條件。■toil [uncountable] (formalorliterary) hard unpleasant work that makes you very tired苦工;勞累的工作◆His hands bore the scars of a life of hardship and toil.他手上的疤痕記錄着他一生的艱辛和勞苦。■drudgery ˈdrʌdʒəri [uncountable] (disapproving) hard boring work, especially housework or office work繁重無聊的工作(尤指家務或辦公室的工作)◆Once married, she was condemned to a life of domestic drudgery.一旦結婚,她就注定過家務繁重的生活了。■slog [countable, usually singular] (informal, disapproving) sth that is difficult or boring, or that requires a lot of hard work, such as a long, tiring walk艱苦(或乏味)的努力(如長距離、疲憊地行走)◆It was a long slog to the top of the mountain.到山頂的路漫長而又艱難。ⓘ Especially in British English slog [uncountable] can also be a period of hard work or effort.尤其在英式英語中,slog還可以指一段時間的艱苦工作或努力◆ (especially BrE) Writing the book took ten months of hard slog.這本書是用了十個月的時間辛苦寫出來的。work2
noun
hard work用功find work找工作do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物領域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art小說;藝術品➡ See also the entry for job另見job條work ♦︎ employment ♦︎ career ♦︎ profession ♦︎ occupation ♦︎ practice ♦︎ tradeThese are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time.這些詞均表示工作、職業。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's chosen work / employment / career / profession / occupation / trade◆(a) professional work / employment / career / occupation / practice◆(a) skilled / manual work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) full-time / part-time / permanent work / employment / career / occupation◆(a) regular work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) casual / seasonal work / employment / occupation◆(a) well-paid work / employment / profession / occupation◆(a) low-paid work / employment / occupation◆to have / pursue work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / a trade◆to take up work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / ...practice / a trade◆to go back / return to work / employment / a career / a profession / ...practice◆to look for / seek / find work / employment / a career / an occupation■work [uncountable] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money工作;職業◆He's been out of work for over a year.他已經失業一年多了。◆ (BrE) It is a country where most women with young children are in paid work.在這個國家,大部分有了小孩兒的婦女都工作賺錢。◆She's planning to return to work in September.她打算9月份恢複上班。◆Would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票,你會不上班了嗎?◆Any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很適合他。◆'Where's John?' 'He's still at work.'“約翰在哪兒?”“還在上班呢。”◆She's been off work(= not at work) for three weeks.她已經三周沒上班了。◆He started work as a security guard.他開始工作時做保安。 see also work ⇨ office1■employment [uncountable] (ratherformal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the situation in which people have work工作;職業;受僱◆It's getting more and more difficult for young people to find regular employment.年輕人要找到固定工作越來越難。◆The government aims to have full employment(= a situation in which everyone who wants a job has one) within five years.政府的目標是在五年内達至充分就業。OPPunemployment ⇨ unemployment see also employ ⇨ employ■career [countable] the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes生涯;職業◆I never wanted a military career.我從未想過要從軍。◆Kelly's career took off(= started to be successful) when she was spotted at a talent contest.凱莉在一次才藝比賽中被發現之後,事業便開始騰飛。◆His career spanned(= continued over) four decades.他的職業生涯長達四十載。◆By 2001, she was at the peak of her career(= at the most successful point in her career).到2001年,她到達了事業的巅峰。◆I didn't think it was a very good career move.我認爲那不是職業發展上的明智之舉。◆It's time for a career change.該換個職業了。■profession [countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education(需要專門技能,尤指需要較高教育水平的)行業,職業◆Alan's a teacher by profession.艾倫的職業是教師。◆He hopes to enter the medical profession.他希望進入醫療行業。◆I joined the profession when I was in my early twenties.我二十出頭就入了這一行。◆She's at the top of her profession.她是她那個行業的佼佼者。ⓘ Especially in British English, the professions [plural] are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer.尤其在英式英語中,the professions指需要較高教育水平和技能的醫生或律師等傳統職業◆employment in industry and the professions實業界與專業界的工作The profession [singular + singular or plural verb] is all the people who work in a particular profession. * the profession指某職業界。▸professional
adjective
◆Most of the people on the course were professional women.選修本課程的大部分人是職業女性。◆professional qualifications / skills專業資格/技能■occupationˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn; NAmEˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn [countable] (ratherformal) a job or profession工作;職業◆Please state your name, age, and occupation.請寫明你的姓名、年齡和職業。◆Why is nursing still seen as a female occupation?爲什麽護理工作仍被看作是一種女性從事的職業?■practice [uncountable] the work or business of some professional people such as doctors and lawyers(醫生或律師等的)工作,業務活動◆Students should have prior experience of veterinary practice.學生應有做獸醫的經驗。◆My analyst is no longer in practice.我的分析師已經不再從業了。 see also practice ⇨ company■trade [countable] a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills(尤指手工)職業,行當;手藝◆She's now a carpenter by trade.她現在以木工爲業。◆My parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade.我父母總想讓我早些畢業學一門手藝。 see also trade ⇨ industrywork3
noun
hard work用功find work找工作do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物領域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art小說;藝術品work ♦︎ achievement ♦︎ triumph ♦︎ feat ♦︎ accomplishment ♦︎ coup ♦︎ resultsThese are all words for sth that is produced as a result of work.這些詞均表示工作成果。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a great / remarkable work / achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆a major / spectacular work / achievement / triumph / feat / coup◆a significant work / achievement / accomplishment / coup◆a / an impressive / notable work / achievement / feat / accomplishment◆a brilliant work / achievement / feat / coup◆a real achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆your own work / achievement / accomplishment◆a / an literary / artistic / scientific work / achievement / accomplishment◆to constitute / represent / see sth as an achievement / a triumph / a coup◆quite a / an achievement / feat / accomplishment / coup■work [uncountable] a thing or things that are produced or achieved as a result of working工作成果;産品;作品◆She's an artist whose work I really admire.她這位藝術家的作品令我贊賞不已。◆Is this all your own work(= did you do it without help from others)?這件作品是你獨立完成的嗎?◆The book is a detailed and thorough piece of work.本書是缜密翔實的力作。◆Her written work is the best in the class.她的寫作是班上最好的。◆He did pioneering work on microbes.他對微生物的研究是開拓性的。◆The art collection was his life's work.這些藝術品收藏是他一生的成就。◆The showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展廳的設計使人們能看到工作過程。■achievement [countable] (approving) an impressive thing that sb has done, especially using their own effort and skill(尤指通過自身努力或技能取得的)成就,成績,功績◆It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年輕的選手有這樣的成績真是了不起。◆They were proud of their children's achievements.他們爲孩子們的成績感到自豪。◆This is probably his greatest scientific achievement.這可能是他最偉大的科學成果。 see also achieve ⇨ achieve■triumph ˈtraɪʌmf [countable] (approving) a great success, achievement or victory; an excellent example of how successful sth can be巨大成功;重大成就;偉大勝利;(成功的)典範◆It was a personal triumph over her old rival.這是她對老對手的個人勝利。◆Her arrest was a triumph of international cooperation.成功捕獲她是國際合作的典範。■feat [countable] (approving) an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage技藝;武藝;英勇事迹;(需要技能、力量或勇氣的)傑作◆The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.這條隧道是工程方面的光輝傑作。◆Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.將一條滿載的船拖過沙丘可不是件容易事。■accomplishment əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt; NAmEəˈkɑːmlɪʃmənt [countable] (ratherformal, oftenapproving) an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work成就;成績◆The administration's success in cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment.這屆政府成功削減了預算,是個了不起的成就。◆the technical accomplishments of modern medicine現代醫學技術成就 see also accomplish ⇨ achieveNOTE辨析 Achievement or accomplishment?Achievement is usually used to talk about a person's academic, professional, artistic or sporting success. Accomplishment is often used to talk about a great success which has benefited others, especially in politics and in contexts in which important inventions are described. * achievement通常指個人在學術、職業、藝術或體育競技上的成就。accomplishment常指讓大衆受益的偉大成就,尤指政治上的成績,或用於描述重大發明。■coupkuː [countable, usually singular] (written, oftenapproving) an impressive and surprising success令人驚歎的成功◆Getting this contract has been quite a coup for us.爭取到這份合同是我們的一大成就。◆He pulled off a major diplomatic coup by winning agreement from all the warring factions on a permanent ceasefire.說服交戰各方同意簽署永久停火協議是他在外交上取得的重大成就。ⓘ Coup is often used with adjectives like spectacular, significant, remarkable and greatest. It is also used to describe successful information campaigns after nouns like publicity, intelligence and propaganda. * coup常與spectacular、significant、remarkable和greatest等形容詞連用,還用在publicity、intelligence和propaganda等名詞後,指成功的宣傳或情報活動。■results [plural] success achieved by actions or efforts成果;成效◆The project is beginning to show results.這項工程開始顯現出成效。◆He's a coach who knows how to get results from his players.他是位知道如何挖掘隊員潛能的教練。work4
noun
hard work用功find work找工作do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物領域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art小說;藝術品work ♦︎ writings ♦︎ piece ♦︎ masterpiece ♦︎ composition ♦︎ work of art ♦︎ oeuvreThese are all words for sth that has been created by an artist, writer or musician.這些詞均表示藝術家、作家或音樂家的作品。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art by sb◆a / an great / original work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art◆a / an orchestral / choral work / piece / masterpiece / composition◆a / an classical / abstract work / piece / composition◆sb's collected / complete works / writings◆to perform a work / piece / composition■work [countable] a book, painting or piece of music that has been created by sb著作;(繪畫或音樂)作品◆The film is based on an early work by Alan Moore.這部影片取材於艾倫•穆爾的早期作品。◆works of fiction / literature小說;文學作品◆Chopin's piano works肖邦的鋼琴曲■writings [plural] a group of pieces of writing, especially by a particular person or on a particular subject(尤指某人或某專題的)著作,文字作品◆His experiences in Morocco influenced his later writings.他在摩洛哥的經歷影響了他後來的寫作。◆the writings of Sun Tzu孫子的著作 see also writing ⇨ literature, write ⇨ write2■piece [countable] a single item of music, writing, poetry or art(音樂、寫作、詩歌或藝術作品的)一支,一篇,一首,一件◆The orchestra performed pieces by Ravel and Prokofiev.管弦樂隊演奏了拉威爾和普羅科菲耶夫的幾支曲子。ⓘ You can have a piece of music/writing/poetry/art, but piece on its own usually means a piece of music, except in formal language and where the context is clear.可以說a piece of music/writing/poetry/art,但是piece單獨使用時通常指一首音樂作品,除非用於正式文體或上下文語義非常清楚的情況◆Auditioning students are required to play a solo piece of their choice.試演的學生必須演奏一支自選的獨奏曲。◆ (formal) They have some beautiful pieces(= paintings, drawings, etc.) in their home.他們家裏有一些精美的藝術品。 see also piece ⇨ article➡ See also the entry for song另見song條■masterpiece ˈmɑːstəpiːs; NAmEˈmæstərpiːs [countable] a work of art, literature, film, etc. that is an excellent, or the best, example of the artist's work(藝術、文學或電影等的)代表作,傑作,名著◆The work has been described as a literary masterpiece.這部作品被稱作文學巨著。◆This is an excellent production of Verdi's masterpiece.這是威爾第代表作的出色演繹。◆Her work is a masterpiece of simplicity(= an excellent example of sth simple).她的作品是樸實風格的典範。■compositionˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; NAmEˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn [countable] (formal) a piece of music, poetry or art(音樂、詩歌或藝術)作品◆one of Stravinsky's finest compositions斯特拉文斯基的佳作之一 see also compose ⇨ write2NOTE辨析 Work, piece or composition?Work emphasizes that sth has been created with effort by sb, and can be used to talk about any type of art, literature or music. Piece is often used to talk about shorter items of music. Composition is also mostly used to talk about music, but may also be used to talk about poetry and art. * work強調努力的成果,可以指任何種類的藝術、文學或音樂作品。piece常指短小的音樂作品。composition也多指音樂作品,但也可以指詩歌和藝術品。■ˌwork of ˈart(pluralworks of art) [countable] an object that has been created by an artist, especially a painting, drawing or statue藝術品(尤指油畫、繪畫或雕塑)◆A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery.好幾件珍貴的藝術品在美術館被盜。■oeuvreˈɜːvrə [singular] (from French, formal) all the works that have been created by a writer, artist or composer(作家、藝術家或作曲家的)全部作品◆She created an oeuvre that is both refreshing and overwhelming.她創作的藝術作品既清新宜人又不乏震撼力。work1
verb
work on an assignment做作業work as a teacher/in education當老師;從事教育工作The phone isn't working.這部電話壞了。work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ toil ♦︎ slaveThese words all mean to do sth that involves physical or mental effort.這些詞均表示做體力或腦力工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work / labour / toil at sth◆to labour / slave over sth◆to work / labour / toil / slave away◆to work / labour / toil endlessly / long and hard / tirelessly■work [intransitive, transitive] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job做體力(或腦力)工作;勞動◆I can't work if I'm cold.我要是覺得冷就幹不了活。◆He is working on a new novel.他正在寫一部新小說。◆She's outside, working on the car.她在外面修車呢。◆Doctors often work very long hours.醫生經常長時間工作。■labour (BrE) (NAmElabor) ˈleɪbə(r) [intransitive] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) to do hard physical work幹體力活◆They laboured all day in the fields.他們一整天都在地裏幹活。■toil [intransitive] (formalorliterary) to work very hard and/or for a long time(長時間)苦幹,辛勤勞作◆Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid.建這座金字塔,數百人苦幹了多年。■slave [intransitive] (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken, usuallydisapproving) to work very hard苦幹;沒命地工作◆I've been slaving away all day trying to get this work finished.我整天苦幹,想把這項工作趕完。◆I haven't got time to spend hours slaving over a hot stove(= doing a lot of cooking).我沒時間老圍着鍋台轉。ⓘ Slave is usually used when you think that you have/sb has been working too hard. * slave通常用來表示自己或他人工作過於辛苦。work2
verb
work on an assignment做作業work as a teacher/in education當老師;從事教育工作The phone isn't working.這部電話壞了。work ♦︎ be employed ♦︎ have a job ♦︎ earn a/your living ♦︎ be in work ♦︎ practiseThese words all mean to earn money through work.這些詞均表示以工作賺錢。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work / be employed / have a job / earn a living / practise as sth◆to work / be employed / have a job at a place■work [intransitive] to do work for which you receive regular payment工作;就業;上班◆Both my parents work.我父母都工作。◆She works for an engineering company.她在一家工程公司工作。◆I've always worked in education.我一直從事教育工作。◆Do you enjoy working with children?你喜歡做兒童工作嗎?■be emˈployed [transitive, passive] (ratherformal) to do work for which you receive regular payment工作;就業;上班◆For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.過去三年來他一直受僱當消防員。◆A number of people are employed to deal with the backlog of work.僱來一些人處理積壓的工作。 see also employ ⇨ employ, unemployed ⇨ unemployed■ˌhave a ˈjob
phrase
(has, had, had)to do work for which you receive regular payment工作;就業;上班◆She had a job as a waitress.她的工作是服務員。◆I've got a temporary job at the moment.現在我找到了個臨時工作。◆She's never had a steady job(= a job that is not going to end suddenly).她從未有過穩定的工作。NOTE辨析 Work, be employed or have a job?Work is the most general of these words and can be used to talk about a particular job that sb has at a particular time, or the general type of work that they do, or just the fact that they work. Be employed is mostly used to talk about the particular job or type of work that sb does, often with as or to. * work在這些詞中含義最廣,可以指某一時段的某個工作,可以指一般性的工作,也可以指有工作這一事實。be employed多指特定的工作或工作類型,並常與as或to連用◆be employed as a teacher當教師◆be employed to train users in the new system受僱培訓用戶使用新系統Have a job is often used to talk about the fact of not being unemployed. * have a job常指有工作◆Do you have a job?你有工作嗎?It can also be used with as in a similar way to work. * have a job也可以像work一樣與as連用◆She worked / had a job as a waitress in a cocktail bar.她在一家雞尾酒酒吧裏當服務員。In this use, have a job is most often used in the past tense, and also suggests that the period of employment is more temporary. Have a job can be a little more informal than work.在這種用法中,have a job多用於過去時,而且表示那一段時間的受僱狀況較爲臨時性質。have a job較work稍不正式。■ˌearn a ˈliving■ˌearn your ˈliving
phrase
to work for money to buy the things that you need in life維持生計;謀生◆She earns her living as a freelance journalist.她靠做自由撰稿記者來維持生計。■be in work
idiom
(BrE) to have a job, as opposed to being unemployed(= not having a job)有工作◆Most of those who were in work had temporary jobs.他們中的大部分人曾有過工作,但都是臨時性的。 see also out of work ⇨ unemployed■practise (BrE) (NAmEpractice) [intransitive, transitive] to work as a doctor, lawyer, etc.當醫生;當律師;從事專職工作◆There are over 50 000 solicitors practising in England and Wales.英格蘭和威爾士有5萬多律師執業。◆He practised as a lawyer for many years.他已從事律師工作多年。◆She was banned from practising medicine.她被禁止行醫。work3
verb
work on an assignment做作業work as a teacher/in education當老師;從事教育工作The phone isn't working.這部電話壞了。➡ See also the entry for operate另見operate條work ♦︎ function ♦︎ run ♦︎ operate ♦︎ goThese are all words that can be used when a machine, system or device performs in the correct way.這些詞均表示機器、系統或裝置運轉良好、正常工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to actually / still work / function / go◆to work / function / run / operate efficiently / satisfactorily / smoothly / independently / successfully / normally / reliably◆to work / function / run perfectly◆to work / function / operate effectively / properly / correctly◆to work / function well◆to run / operate continuously◆fully functioning / operating■work [intransitive](of a machine or device) to perform in the correct way(機器或裝置)運轉良好,正常工作◆The phone isn't working.這部電話壞了。◆It works by electricity.這是電動的。◆Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?他們對大腦功能的了解有進展嗎? see also work ⇨ operate■function [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常與副詞或介詞連用) (ratherformal) to work in the correct way起作用;運轉良好;正常工作◆Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.盡管供電中斷,醫院繼續正常運轉。◆Many children can't function effectively in large classes.許多孩子在大班上課時學習效果不好。◆We now have a functioning shower.現在我們有了好用的淋浴器。■run(running, ran, run) [intransitive] to work in the correct way起作用;運轉良好;正常工作◆Stan had the chainsaw running.斯坦開動了鏈鋸。◆Our van runs on(= uses) diesel.我們的貨車燒柴油。◆Which operating system have you got running?你們運行的是哪個操作系統?ⓘ Run is usually used to talk about an engine or motor (or a machine that uses an engine or motor), or a computer program. * run通常指發動機、馬達(或使用發動機或馬達的機器)或電腦程序正常工作。 see also run ⇨ operate, up and running ⇨ activeadj.■operate [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常與副詞或介詞連用) (ratherformal) (especially of a machine) to work in a particular way; (of a service or system) to be working(尤指機器)運轉;(服務或系統)工作◆Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.太陽能電池板只能在陽光下才能正常工作。◆Some people can only operate well under pressure.有些人只有在壓力下才能工作得好。◆A new late-night service is now operating.現在推出了一種新的深夜服務項目。 see also operate ⇨ operate▸operation
noun
[uncountable] ◆Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine.定期維修能確保發動機運行順暢。 see also in operation,operational ⇨ activeadj.NOTE辨析 Function or operate?Function is used more to talk about whether sth works or how well or badly it works; operate is used more to talk about the conditions required for sth to work. * function較多用於描述是否運轉或運轉情況是否良好。operate較多用於描述運行的必要條件。■go(goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (informal, especiallyspoken) (of a machine) to work in the correct way(機器)起作用,運轉良好,正常工作◆What makes it go?是什麽讓它運轉起來?
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