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work work
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verb 
/wɜː(r)k/
/wɜː(r)k/ | present tense | |
| I/you/we/they | work |
| he/she/it | works |
| present participle | working |
| past tense | worked |
| past participle | worked |
- 1[I] to spend time trying to achieve something, especially when this involves using a lot of effort 工作；劳动；干活儿
I've been working in the garden all day. 我一整天都在花园里干活儿。
work on :Our thanks go to everybody who has worked on this project. 我们感谢所有参加过这个项目的人。
work to do something :He worked tirelessly to improve safety conditions in the mines. 为了改善矿井的安全条件，他不知疲倦地工作着。
Synonyms and related wordsTo try hard to do or get something: boil the ocean, work, strive...- a.[T] to make someone work 使工作；使劳动；使干活儿
She always works us too hard. 她总是强迫我们拼命地干活儿。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make someone work hard: work, drive, push... - b.[I] to produce a picture or create an object using a particular type of substance （用某种材料）画画，创作work in/with :
He works in oils and acrylics, painting mostly landscapes. 他用油画颜料和丙烯酸作画，画的大多数是风景。
Synonyms and related wordsTo create a work of art or craft: work, create, base on...
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- 2[I] to have a job, usually one that you are paid to do 从事工作work in :
I hope to work in marketing when I'm older. 我希望年纪再大一点时从事市场营销工作。
work as :She worked as a journalist. 她是一位记者。
work with :All our nursery nurses are qualified to work with children. 我们所有的保育员都能胜任照料孩子的工作。
work for :She works for a big law firm in the city. 她在城里的一家大律师事务所工作。
Synonyms and related wordsTo work, and to work in a particular way: work, serve, collaborate...- a.[T] if you work a particular area or type of place, you go to that area or to those places as part of your job, for example to try and sell things or to perform there 在（某地）工作（如推销或演出）Synonyms and related wordsTo work, and to work in a particular way: work, serve, collaborate...
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- 3[I] to operate in a satisfactory way 运转顺利；进行顺利
The new telephone system seems to be working perfectly. 新电话系统看来运行畅通。
This pen doesn't work. 这支笔写不出字了。
My brain's not working very well today. 我的脑子今天不好使。
Synonyms and related wordsTo work, or to start working (of a piece of machinery): operate, come on, function...- a.[T] to operate something such as a machine or piece of equipment 操作（机器、设备等）
I don't know how to work this thing. 我不知道如何操作这东西。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make a machine or piece of equipment work: activate, actuate, coax...
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- 4[I] to succeed 成功
If this plan doesn't work, we'll think of something else. 如果这个计划行不通，我们再想想别的办法。
The strategy seems to be working. 这个策略似乎在起作用。
Synonyms and related wordsTo develop or happen successfully: shape up, function, work out...- a.to have a particular effect or result 起作用；有效
Her dazzling performance worked its magic on the audience (=had a good effect on them). 她那令人眼花缭乱的表演在观众中产生了良好的反响。
work for/against someone (=have a good/bad result) 对某人有利/不利 :Criticizing your former employer works against you in an interview. 在面试时指责以前的老板对你不利。
work in someone's favour/work to someone's advantage (=be an advantage to someone) 对某人有利 :The exchange rate is currently working in the company's favour. 汇率目前对公司有利。
Synonyms and related wordsTo have an effect: shape, impact, affect...
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- 5[I/T] to move gradually from one position to another 逐渐移动Synonyms and related wordsTo move, or to move something, slowly: crawl, dawdle, creep...
- a.[T] to put something into a different position or state 使处于不同的位置；使处于不同的状态
She managed to work one hand free. 她设法腾出一只手来。
work yourself into something :He was slowly working himself into a panic. 他渐渐地恐慌起来。
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words meaning to move something: budge, propel, guide...
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- 6[T] to shape a substance such as metal in a particular way, especially using tools （尤指使用工具）使（金属等）成形Synonyms and related wordsTo change the shape of something: shape, reshape, form...Synonyms and related wordsTo use a tool: card, chase, chip away...
- 7[T] if someone works a mine or a quarry, they dig substances such as gold or stone out of it 开（矿）；开采（矿石）Synonyms and related wordsMining and quarrying: coal, coalface, coalfield...
- 8[T] to prepare land and grow crops on it 耕种Synonyms and related wordsCrop farming: arable, broadacre, cash crop...
- 9[T] maths American to solve a problem in mathematics by doing a calculation 计算；算出Synonyms and related wordsTo calculate or count: calculate, count, estimate...
phrases
phrasal verbs
★
★
★
noun /wɜː(r)k/
/wɜː(r)k/ | singular | work |
| plural | works |
- 1[U] activity that involves physical or mental effort 工作；劳动
I know you've got a lot of work to do. 我知道你有很多工作要做。
Thank you for all your hard work. 谢谢你所有的辛勤劳动。
Synonyms and related wordsHard work and effort: heavy lifting, ask, work... - 2[U] a job that someone is paid to do 职业；差事
I started work when I was sixteen. 我16岁就参加工作了。
It's not easy to find work (=get a job). 找工作不容易。
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words relating to jobs and work: a good/smart/clever career move, appointment, background...- a.the things that you do as part of your job 工作；活儿
Employees may take work home if they wish. 雇员如果愿意可以把工作带回家。
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words relating to jobs and work: a good/smart/clever career move, appointment, background...
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- 3[U] a place where someone goes to do their job 工作地点；工作场所；办公处
I walk to work and take the bus home. 我步行去上班，乘公共汽车回家。
Synonyms and related words- a.[plural] a factory 工厂
works
Synonyms and related wordsFactories and industrial buildings: abattoir, blast furnace, boatyard...
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- 4[U] something that someone makes or does in their job 产品；工作成果
Carol and her subcommittee did some nice work on the document. 卡罗尔和她的分支委员会出色地完成了这份文件。
piece of work :It's not the best piece of work you've ever done. 这不是你最出色的作品。
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words relating to jobs and work: a good/smart/clever career move, appointment, background...- a.[C/U] something produced by a writer, painter, musician, or other artist （作家、画家、音乐家等的）作品，著作
Our final-year students invite you to an exhibition of their work. 我们的毕业班学生邀请你去参观他们的作品展览。
work of :This is a minor but moving work of literature. 这是一部名气不大但很感人的文学作品。
a study of the life and works of Baudelaire 波德莱尔的生平和作品研究
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words for works of art and pictures: art, artwork, assemblage...
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- 5[uncountable plural] the repairing and building of something. You can also talk about works, and this has the same meaning （工程的）修建，施工
The road has been closed for emergency repair works. 这条路因紧急抢修而被关闭。
There will be no disruption of traffic when the work is carried out.
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words for the process of building: assemblage, assembly, build... - 6[U] physics the process of changing energy from one form into another, usually in order to make something move or operateSynonyms and related wordsPhysical forces and processes: absorbance, air resistance, amplitude...
- 7[U] cosmetic surgery
I think she's had some work done.
Synonyms and related wordsPlastic surgery: boob job, Botox, collagen... - From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary8nice work if you can get it an easy way of earning money that you would like to have if you couldSubmitted by Emran Khoshrouye Ghiasi from Iran, Islamic Republic of on 05/12/2018
The club got $10,000,000 for transferring the young player to clubs abroad: nice work if you can get it!
phrases
See also
Get It Right!: work
In most of its meanings, work is an uncountable noun, and so:
▪ it rarely comes after a or a number
▪ it is rarely used in the plural
✗ It is very common for university students to get a part-time work.
✓ It is very common for university students to get part-time work.
✗ They want to relax after the pressure of their works.
✓ They want to relax after the pressure of their work.
Q: What is the difference between work and job?
A: Work refers in general to things people do to earn money. Job is used when you are referring to the particular thing that someone does regularly in order to earn money:
Mr Biswas goes to Port of Spain to look for work. By chance he gets a job on a newspaper.
Work can be a countable noun when it means ‘something produced by a writer, painter, musician, or other artist':
Copying from the works of the Great Masters was one of a young art student's most important tasks.
This opera is indeed a work of great dramatic intensity.
noun¹
noun²
noun³
noun⁴
noun⁵
verb¹
verb²
verb
work noun
⇨ work 1 (hard work) ⇨ work 2 (find work) ⇨ work 3 (do pioneering work in microbiology) ⇨ work 4 (a work of fiction) ⇨ factory (a steelworks) ⇨ office 1 (go to work) ⇨ task (police work) ⇨ at work ⇨ busy adj. 1 ⇨ out of work ⇨ unemployed adj. ⇨ be in work ⇨ work verb 2 work verb
⇨ work 1 (work on an assignment) ⇨ work 2 (work as a teacher) ⇨ work 3 (The phone isn't working.) ⇨ affect (work in your favour) ⇨ campaign (work for peace) ⇨ drive 2 (work sb too hard) ⇨ farm (work the land) ⇨ operate (How do you work the DVD player?) work 1 hard work 用功 find work 找工作 do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究 a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品 work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ service ♦︎ toil ♦︎ drudgery ♦︎ slog These are all words for the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth. 这些词均表示工作、劳动。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ hard work / labour / toil / slog◆ daily work / labour / toil / drudgery / slog◆ manual / physical / honest / unremitting work / labour / toil◆ hours / years / a lifetime of work / labour / service / toil / drudgery■ work [uncountable ] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth 工作；劳动 ◆ She earned her grades through sheer hard work.她的学习成绩完全靠刻苦用功得来。 ◆ We started work on the project in 2002.我们于2002年开始干这个项目。 ◆ Work continues on renovating the hotel.这家宾馆的修缮工作在继续。 ◆ Let's get to work (= start working) .我们开始工作吧。 ◆ She set them to work painting the fence.她让他们给栅栏刷油漆。 ■ labour (BrE (NAmE labor ˈleɪbə(r) [uncountable ] work, especially physical work 劳动；（尤指）体力劳动 ◆ These women were generally accustomed to hard manual labour (= work using their hands) .这些妇女对繁重的体力劳动一般都习以为常了。 ◆ The price will include the labour and materials.这个价格包含劳务费和材料费。 ◆ The company wants to keep down labour costs .这家公司想保持低劳动成本。 ■ service [uncountable ] the work that sb does for an organization, especially when it continues for a long time or is admired very much （尤指长期、受到敬重的）工作，效劳，服务 ◆ She has just celebrated 25 years' service with the company.她刚刚庆祝在公司任职25周年。 ◆ The employees have good conditions of service.员工有良好的工作条件。 ■ toil [uncountable ] (formal or literary ) hard unpleasant work that makes you very tired 苦工；劳累的工作 ◆ His hands bore the scars of a life of hardship and toil.他手上的疤痕记录着他一生的艰辛和劳苦。 ■ drudgery ˈdrʌdʒəri [uncountable ] (disapproving ) hard boring work, especially housework or office work 繁重无聊的工作（尤指家务或办公室的工作） ◆ Once married, she was condemned to a life of domestic drudgery.一旦结婚，她就注定过家务繁重的生活了。 ■ slog [countable , usually singular ] (informal , disapproving ) sth that is difficult or boring, or that requires a lot of hard work, such as a long, tiring walk 艰苦（或乏味）的努力（如长距离、疲惫地行走） ◆ It was a long slog to the top of the mountain.到山顶的路漫长而又艰难。 ⓘ Especially in British English slog [uncountable ] can also be a period of hard work or effort. 尤其在英式英语中，slog还可以指一段时间的艰苦工作或努力 ◆ (especially BrE ) Writing the book took ten months of hard slog.这本书是用了十个月的时间辛苦写出来的。 work 2 hard work 用功 find work 找工作 do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究 a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品 ➡ See also the entry for job 另见job条 work ♦︎ employment ♦︎ career ♦︎ profession ♦︎ occupation ♦︎ practice ♦︎ trade These are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time. 这些词均表示工作、职业。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ sb's chosen work / employment / career / profession / occupation / trade ◆ (a) professional work / employment / career / occupation / practice ◆ (a) skilled / manual work / employment / occupation / trade ◆ (a) full-time / part-time / permanent work / employment / career / occupation ◆ (a) regular work / employment / occupation / trade ◆ (a) casual / seasonal work / employment / occupation ◆ (a) well-paid work / employment / profession / occupation ◆ (a) low-paid work / employment / occupation ◆ to have / pursue work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / a trade ◆ to take up work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / ...practice / a trade ◆ to go back / return to work / employment / a career / a profession / ...practice ◆ to look for / seek / find work / employment / a career / an occupation ■ work [uncountable ] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money 工作；职业 ◆ He's been out of work for over a year.他已经失业一年多了。 ◆ (BrE It is a country where most women with young children are in paid work .在这个国家，大部分有了小孩儿的妇女都工作赚钱。 ◆ She's planning to return to work in September.她打算9月份恢复上班。 ◆ Would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票，你会不上班了吗？ ◆ Any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很适合他。 ◆ 'Where's John?' 'He's still at work .'“约翰在哪儿？”“还在上班呢。” ◆ She's been off work (= not at work) for three weeks.她已经三周没上班了。 ◆ He started work as a security guard.他开始工作时做保安。 work ⇨ office 1 ■ employment [uncountable ] (formal ) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the situation in which people have work 工作；职业；受雇 ◆ It's getting more and more difficult for young people to find regular employment.年轻人要找到固定工作越来越难。 ◆ The government aims to have full employment (= a situation in which everyone who wants a job has one) within five years.政府的目标是在五年内达至充分就业。 OPP unemployment ⇨ unemployment employ ⇨ employ ■ career [countable ] the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes 生涯；职业 ◆ I never wanted a military career.我从未想过要从军。 ◆ Kelly's career took off (= started to be successful) when she was spotted at a talent contest.凯莉在一次才艺比赛中被发现之后，事业便开始腾飞。 ◆ His career spanned (= continued over) four decades.他的职业生涯长达四十载。 ◆ By 2001, she was at the peak of her career (= at the most successful point in her career) .到2001年，她到达了事业的巅峰。 ◆ I didn't think it was a very good career move .我认为那不是职业发展上的明智之举。 ◆ It's time for a career change .该换个职业了。 ■ profession [countable ] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education （需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的）行业，职业 ◆ Alan's a teacher by profession .艾伦的职业是教师。 ◆ He hopes to enter the medical profession .他希望进入医疗行业。 ◆ I joined the profession when I was in my early twenties.我二十出头就入了这一行。 ◆ She's at the top of her profession .她是她那个行业的佼佼者。 ⓘ Especially in British English, the professions [plural ] are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer. 尤其在英式英语中，the professions指需要较高教育水平和技能的医生或律师等传统职业 ◆ employment in industry and the professions实业界与专业界的工作 The profession [singular + singular or plural verb ] is all the people who work in a particular profession. * the profession指某职业界。 ▸ professional ◆ Most of the people on the course were professional women.选修本课程的大部分人是职业女性。 ◆ professional qualifications / skills专业资格／技能 ■ occupation ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn [countable ] (formal ) a job or profession 工作；职业 ◆ Please state your name, age, and occupation.请写明你的姓名、年龄和职业。 ◆ Why is nursing still seen as a female occupation?为什么护理工作仍被看作是一种女性从事的职业？ ■ practice [uncountable ] the work or business of some professional people such as doctors and lawyers （医生或律师等的）工作，业务活动 ◆ Students should have prior experience of veterinary practice.学生应有做兽医的经验。 ◆ My analyst is no longer in practice.我的分析师已经不再从业了。 practice ⇨ company ■ trade [countable ] a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills （尤指手工）职业，行当；手艺 ◆ She's now a carpenter by trade .她现在以木工为业。 ◆ My parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade .我父母总想让我早些毕业学一门手艺。 trade ⇨ industry work 3 hard work 用功 find work 找工作 do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究 a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品 work ♦︎ achievement ♦︎ triumph ♦︎ feat ♦︎ accomplishment ♦︎ coup ♦︎ results These are all words for sth that is produced as a result of work. 这些词均表示工作成果。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a great / remarkable work / achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup ◆ a major / spectacular work / achievement / triumph / feat / coup ◆ a significant work / achievement / accomplishment / coup ◆ a / an impressive / notable work / achievement / feat / accomplishment ◆ a brilliant work / achievement / feat / coup ◆ a real achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup ◆ your own work / achievement / accomplishment◆ a / an literary / artistic / scientific work / achievement / accomplishment ◆ to constitute / represent / see sth as an achievement / a triumph / a coup ◆ quite a / an achievement / feat / accomplishment / coup■ work [uncountable ] a thing or things that are produced or achieved as a result of working 工作成果；产品；作品 ◆ She's an artist whose work I really admire.她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。 ◆ Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others) ?这件作品是你独立完成的吗？ ◆ The book is a detailed and thorough piece of work .本书是缜密翔实的力作。 ◆ Her written work is the best in the class.她的写作是班上最好的。 ◆ He did pioneering work on microbes.他对微生物的研究是开拓性的。 ◆ The art collection was his life's work .这些艺术品收藏是他一生的成就。 ◆ The showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress .展厅的设计使人们能看到工作过程。 ■ achievement [countable ] (approving ) an impressive thing that sb has done, especially using their own effort and skill （尤指通过自身努力或技能取得的）成就，成绩，功绩 ◆ It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。 ◆ They were proud of their children's achievements.他们为孩子们的成绩感到自豪。 ◆ This is probably his greatest scientific achievement.这可能是他最伟大的科学成果。 achieve ⇨ achieve ■ triumph ˈtraɪʌmf [countable ] (approving ) a great success, achievement or victory; an excellent example of how successful sth can be 巨大成功；重大成就；伟大胜利；（成功的）典范 ◆ It was a personal triumph over her old rival.这是她对老对手的个人胜利。 ◆ Her arrest was a triumph of international cooperation.成功捕获她是国际合作的典范。 ■ feat [countable ] (approving ) an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage 技艺；武艺；英勇事迹；（需要技能、力量或勇气的）杰作 ◆ The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.这条隧道是工程方面的光辉杰作。 ◆ Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat .将一条满载的船拖过沙丘可不是件容易事。 ■ accomplishment əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt; NAmE əˈkɑːmlɪʃmənt [countable ] (formal , approving ) an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work 成就；成绩 ◆ The administration's success in cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment.这届政府成功削减了预算，是个了不起的成就。 ◆ the technical accomplishments of modern medicine现代医学技术成就 accomplish ⇨ achieve NOTE 辨析 Achievement is usually used to talk about a person's academic, professional, artistic or sporting success. Accomplishment is often used to talk about a great success which has benefited others, especially in politics and in contexts in which important inventions are described. * achievement通常指个人在学术、职业、艺术或体育竞技上的成就。accomplishment常指让大众受益的伟大成就，尤指政治上的成绩，或用于描述重大发明。 ■ coup kuː [countable , usually singular ] (written , approving ) an impressive and surprising success 令人惊叹的成功 ◆ Getting this contract has been quite a coup for us.争取到这份合同是我们的一大成就。 ◆ He pulled off a major diplomatic coup by winning agreement from all the warring factions on a permanent ceasefire.说服交战各方同意签署永久停火协议是他在外交上取得的重大成就。 ⓘ Coup spectacular , significant , remarkable and greatest . It is also used to describe successful information campaigns after nouns like publicity , intelligence and propaganda . * coup常与spectacular、significant、remarkable和greatest等形容词连用，还用在publicity、intelligence和propaganda等名词后，指成功的宣传或情报活动。 ■ results [plural ] success achieved by actions or efforts 成果；成效 ◆ The project is beginning to show results.这项工程开始显现出成效。 ◆ He's a coach who knows how to get results from his players.他是位知道如何挖掘队员潜能的教练。 work 4 hard work 用功 find work 找工作 do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究 a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品 work ♦︎ writings ♦︎ piece ♦︎ masterpiece ♦︎ composition ♦︎ work of art ♦︎ oeuvre These are all words for sth that has been created by an artist, writer or musician. 这些词均表示艺术家、作家或音乐家的作品。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art by sb ◆ a / an great / original work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art ◆ a / an orchestral / choral work / piece / masterpiece / composition ◆ a / an classical / abstract work / piece / composition ◆ sb's collected / complete works / writings ◆ to perform a work / piece / composition ■ work [countable ] a book, painting or piece of music that has been created by sb 著作；（绘画或音乐）作品 ◆ The film is based on an early work by Alan Moore.这部影片取材于艾伦•穆尔的早期作品。 ◆ works of fiction / literature小说；文学作品 ◆ Chopin's piano works肖邦的钢琴曲 ■ writings [plural ] a group of pieces of writing, especially by a particular person or on a particular subject （尤指某人或某专题的）著作，文字作品 ◆ His experiences in Morocco influenced his later writings.他在摩洛哥的经历影响了他后来的写作。 ◆ the writings of Sun Tzu孙子的著作 writing ⇨ literature , write ⇨ write 2 ■ piece [countable ] a single item of music, writing, poetry or art （音乐、写作、诗歌或艺术作品的）一支，一篇，一首，一件 ◆ The orchestra performed pieces by Ravel and Prokofiev.管弦乐队演奏了拉威尔和普罗科菲耶夫的几支曲子。 ⓘ You can have a piece of music/writing/poetry/art , but piece on its own usually means a piece of music, except in formal language and where the context is clear. 可以说a piece of music/writing/poetry/art，但是piece单独使用时通常指一首音乐作品，除非用于正式文体或上下文语义非常清楚的情况 ◆ Auditioning students are required to play a solo piece of their choice.试演的学生必须演奏一支自选的独奏曲。 ◆ (formal ) They have some beautiful pieces (= paintings, drawings, etc.) in their home.他们家里有一些精美的艺术品。 piece ⇨ article ➡ See also the entry for song 另见song条 ■ masterpiece ˈmɑːstəpiːs; NAmE ˈmæstərpiːs [countable ] a work of art, literature, film, etc. that is an excellent, or the best, example of the artist's work （艺术、文学或电影等的）代表作，杰作，名著 ◆ The work has been described as a literary masterpiece.这部作品被称作文学巨著。 ◆ This is an excellent production of Verdi's masterpiece.这是威尔第代表作的出色演绎。 ◆ Her work is a masterpiece of simplicity (= an excellent example of sth simple) .她的作品是朴实风格的典范。 ■ composition ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn [countable ] (formal ) a piece of music, poetry or art （音乐、诗歌或艺术）作品 ◆ one of Stravinsky's finest compositions斯特拉文斯基的佳作之一 compose ⇨ write 2 NOTE 辨析 Work emphasizes that sth has been created with effort by sb, and can be used to talk about any type of art, literature or music. Piece is often used to talk about shorter items of music. Composition is also mostly used to talk about music, but may also be used to talk about poetry and art. * work强调努力的成果，可以指任何种类的艺术、文学或音乐作品。piece常指短小的音乐作品。composition也多指音乐作品，但也可以指诗歌和艺术品。 ■ ˌwork of ˈart (plural works of art [countable ] an object that has been created by an artist, especially a painting, drawing or statue 艺术品（尤指油画、绘画或雕塑） ◆ A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery.好几件珍贵的艺术品在美术馆被盗。 ■ oeuvre ˈɜːvrə [singular ] (from French , formal ) all the works that have been created by a writer, artist or composer （作家、艺术家或作曲家的）全部作品 ◆ She created an oeuvre that is both refreshing and overwhelming.她创作的艺术作品既清新宜人又不乏震撼力。 work 1 work on an assignment 做作业 work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作 The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。 work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ toil ♦︎ slave These words all mean to do sth that involves physical or mental effort. 这些词均表示做体力或脑力工作。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to work / labour / toil at sth ◆ to labour / slave over sth ◆ to work / labour / toil / slave away ◆ to work / labour / toil endlessly / long and hard / tirelessly ■ work [intransitive , transitive ] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job 做体力（或脑力）工作；劳动 ◆ I can't work if I'm cold.我要是觉得冷就干不了活。 ◆ He is working on a new novel.他正在写一部新小说。 ◆ She's outside, working on the car.她在外面修车呢。 ◆ Doctors often work very long hours.医生经常长时间工作。 ■ labour (BrE (NAmE labor ˈleɪbə(r) [intransitive ] (formal , written ) to do hard physical work 干体力活 ◆ They laboured all day in the fields.他们一整天都在地里干活。 ■ toil [intransitive ] (formal or literary ) to work very hard and/or for a long time （长时间）苦干，辛勤劳作 ◆ Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid.建这座金字塔，数百人苦干了多年。 ■ slave [intransitive ] (informal , spoken , disapproving ) to work very hard 苦干；没命地工作 ◆ I've been slaving away all day trying to get this work finished.我整天苦干，想把这项工作赶完。 ◆ I haven't got time to spend hours slaving over a hot stove (= doing a lot of cooking) .我没时间老围着锅台转。 ⓘ Slave * slave通常用来表示自己或他人工作过于辛苦。 work 2 work on an assignment 做作业 work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作 The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。 work ♦︎ be employed ♦︎ have a job ♦︎ earn a/your living ♦︎ be in work ♦︎ practise These words all mean to earn money through work. 这些词均表示以工作赚钱。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to work / be employed / have a job / earn a living / practise as sth ◆ to work / be employed / have a job at a place ■ work [intransitive ] to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班 ◆ Both my parents work.我父母都工作。 ◆ She works for an engineering company.她在一家工程公司工作。 ◆ I've always worked in education.我一直从事教育工作。 ◆ Do you enjoy working with children?你喜欢做儿童工作吗？ ■ be emˈployed [transitive , passive ] (formal ) to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班 ◆ For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.过去三年来他一直受雇当消防员。 ◆ A number of people are employed to deal with the backlog of work.雇来一些人处理积压的工作。 employ ⇨ employ , unemployed ⇨ unemployed ■ ˌhave a ˈjob (has , had , had to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班 ◆ She had a job as a waitress.她的工作是服务员。 ◆ I've got a temporary job at the moment.现在我找到了个临时工作。 ◆ She's never had a steady job (= a job that is not going to end suddenly) .她从未有过稳定的工作。 NOTE 辨析 Work is the most general of these words and can be used to talk about a particular job that sb has at a particular time, or the general type of work that they do, or just the fact that they work. Be employed is mostly used to talk about the particular job or type of work that sb does, often with as or to . * work在这些词中含义最广，可以指某一时段的某个工作，可以指一般性的工作，也可以指有工作这一事实。be employed多指特定的工作或工作类型，并常与as或to连用 ◆ be employed as a teacher当教师 ◆ be employed to train users in the new system受雇培训用户使用新系统 Have a job is often used to talk about the fact of not being unemployed. * have a job常指有工作 ◆ Do you have a job?你有工作吗？ It can also be used with as in a similar way to work . * have a job也可以像work一样与as连用 ◆ She worked / had a job as a waitress in a cocktail bar.她在一家鸡尾酒酒吧里当服务员。 In this use, have a job is most often used in the past tense, and also suggests that the period of employment is more temporary. Have a job can be a little more informal than work . 在这种用法中，have a job多用于过去时，而且表示那一段时间的受雇状况较为临时性质。have a job较work稍不正式。 ■ ˌearn a ˈliving ■ ˌearn your ˈliving to work for money to buy the things that you need in life 维持生计；谋生 ◆ She earns her living as a freelance journalist.她靠做自由撰稿记者来维持生计。 ■ be in work (BrE to have a job, as opposed to being unemployed (= not having a job) 有工作 ◆ Most of those who were in work had temporary jobs.他们中的大部分人曾有过工作，但都是临时性的。 out of work ⇨ unemployed ■ practise (BrE (NAmE practice [intransitive , transitive ] to work as a doctor, lawyer, etc. 当医生；当律师；从事专职工作 ◆ There are over 50 000 solicitors practising in England and Wales.英格兰和威尔士有5万多律师执业。 ◆ He practised as a lawyer for many years.他已从事律师工作多年。 ◆ She was banned from practising medicine.她被禁止行医。 work 3 work on an assignment 做作业 work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作 The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。 ➡ See also the entry for operate 另见operate条 work ♦︎ function ♦︎ run ♦︎ operate ♦︎ go These are all words that can be used when a machine, system or device performs in the correct way. 这些词均表示机器、系统或装置运转良好、正常工作。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to actually / still work / function / go ◆ to work / function / run / operate efficiently / satisfactorily / smoothly / independently / successfully / normally / reliably ◆ to work / function / run perfectly ◆ to work / function / operate effectively / properly / correctly ◆ to work / function well ◆ to run / operate continuously ◆ fully functioning / operating■ work [intransitive ] (of a machine or device) to perform in the correct way （机器或装置）运转良好，正常工作 ◆ The phone isn't working.这部电话坏了。 ◆ It works by electricity.这是电动的。 ◆ Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗？ work ⇨ operate ■ function [intransitive ] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用 ) (formal ) to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作 ◆ Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.尽管供电中断，医院继续正常运转。 ◆ Many children can't function effectively in large classes.许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。 ◆ We now have a functioning shower.现在我们有了好用的淋浴器。 ■ run (running , ran , run [intransitive ] to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作 ◆ Stan had the chainsaw running.斯坦开动了链锯。 ◆ Our van runs on (= uses) diesel.我们的货车烧柴油。 ◆ Which operating system have you got running?你们运行的是哪个操作系统？ ⓘ Run * run通常指发动机、马达（或使用发动机或马达的机器）或电脑程序正常工作。 run ⇨ operate , up and running ⇨ active adj. ■ operate [intransitive ] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用 ) (formal ) (especially of a machine) to work in a particular way; (of a service or system) to be working （尤指机器）运转；（服务或系统）工作 ◆ Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.太阳能电池板只能在阳光下才能正常工作。 ◆ Some people can only operate well under pressure.有些人只有在压力下才能工作得好。 ◆ A new late-night service is now operating.现在推出了一种新的深夜服务项目。 operate ⇨ operate ▸ operation [uncountable ] ◆ Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine.定期维修能确保发动机运行顺畅。 in operation , operational ⇨ active adj. NOTE 辨析 Function is used more to talk about whether sth works or how well or badly it works; operate is used more to talk about the conditions required for sth to work. * function较多用于描述是否运转或运转情况是否良好。operate较多用于描述运行的必要条件。 ■ go (goes , went , gone [intransitive ] (informal , spoken ) (of a machine) to work in the correct way （机器）起作用，运转良好，正常工作 ◆ What makes it go?是什么让它运转起来？
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