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BNC: 38 COCA: 34
what
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adverb, determiner, interjection, predeterminer, pronoun /wɒt/
What can be used in the following ways: what 有以下用法
as a question pronoun (introducing a direct or indirect question): 用作疑问代词（引导直接或间接疑问句）: What do you want? 你想要什么？ Tell me what happened. 告诉我发生了什么事。
as a relative pronoun (starting a relative clause that is subject, object, or complement of another clause): 用作关系代词（引导作另一分句的主语、宾语或补语的关系从句）: She showed me what she had bought. 她给我看了她买的东西。
as a determiner (followed by a noun and introducing a question): 用作限定词（后接名词并引导疑问句）: What subjects are you studying? 你们在学什么课程？ (followed by a noun and introducing a relative clause): （后接名词并引导关系从句）: I'll give you what money I have. 我会把我所有的钱给你。
as a predeterminer (before ‘a', ‘an', or ‘the'): 用作前置限定词（用在a， an 或the之前）: What a nuisance! 真讨厌！
as an adverb: 用作副词: What does it matter? 那要紧吗？
as an interjection: 用作感叹词: What! You mean I've been wasting my time? 什么！你意思是说我一直在浪费时间？
  1. 1
    which thing
    1. a.
      used for asking which thing, action, or idea something is, or which type of thing, action, or idea something is 什么（用于询问某事物、某行为或某看法是哪一个或哪一种）

      What's your name? 你叫什么名字？

      What time is it? 现在几点了？

      What was the weather like? 天气怎么样？

      I asked her what kind of music she liked. 我问她喜欢哪一种音乐。

      People sometimes ask me what I'm going to do when I retire. 人们有时问我退休后准备干什么。

      ‘I'm worried, Harry.' ‘What about?' “我很担心，哈里。”“担心什么？”

       Synonyms and related words
      Ways of asking questions and making requests: after you, any chance of...?, any luck?...
    2. b.
      used when someone knows or says which thing, action, or idea something is …那样的事物（用于某人知道或说出某物、某行动或某看法是什么时）

      I told him what the problem was. 我告诉他问题之所在了。

      She wasn't quite sure what she was going to say. 她对自己要说什么没有把握。

      We suddenly realized what was happening. 我们突然意识到正在发生什么事情。

      I haven't even thought about what I'm going to wear to the dinner. 我甚至连参加晚宴要穿什么衣服都没想过。

      what to do/say/think etc :

      Poor Kevin! He doesn't know what to do. 可怜的凯文！他不知道该怎么办。

  2. 2
    a particular thing used for referring to a particular thing, action, or idea …的事物（用于指某一事物、行为或看法）

    You haven't given me what I asked for. 你还没有给我我要的东西。

    What you need is a good long holiday. 你需要的是好好地休一个长假。

    What annoys me is the way he boasts about what he's done. 让我生气的是他夸大他所做的事情的方式。

    George always does his best, and that's what I like about him. 乔治总是尽他的最大努力，我就喜欢他这一点。

  3. 3
    all of an amount used for referring to the whole amount that remains or is available 全部的东西（用于指所剩下的或可用的全部东西）

    Tom eagerly finished up what was left of the champagne and chicken pie. 汤姆狼吞虎咽地扫光了剩下的香槟和鸡肉馅饼。

    What little free time he had was spent with the family. 他与他家人共处的时间真是太少了。

  4. 4
    used for emphasizing a quality [spoken] used for introducing a remark in which you emphasize how big, good, bad etc someone or something is 多么（用于引出一句话，强调某人或某物之大或好坏等）

    What awful weather we've been having! 这一阵子的天气真糟糕！

    What a nice surprise! 多么让人惊喜呀！

    What a nuisance for you, having to make all these changes. 要作这么多变动，让你真够烦心的。

     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of emphasizing what you are saying: ach, actively, actual...
  5. 5
    used for showing surprise [spoken] used for showing that you are surprised or shocked by something that you have just heard or seen 什么（用于表示对刚听到或看到的事物的惊奇）

    What! Are they still in bed? 什么！他们还没起床？

    What! You mean he can't read or write? 什么！你的意思是说他既不会读书也不会写字？

     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of saying that you are surprised or shocked: funnily enough, you don't say, heavens above...
  6. 6
    used when you did not hear what someone said [spoken] used for asking someone to repeat what they have just said because you did not hear it clearly 什么（用于指没听清某人的话，要求对方重复）

    ‘Turn the radio down, will you?' ‘What?' “把收音机的声音关小一点，好吗？”“什么？”

     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of asking someone to say something again: I'm sorry, pardon me, excuse me...
    Usage note: what
    It is more polite to say ‘pardon' or ‘I beg your pardon'. 说 pardon 或 I beg your pardon 更有礼貌。
  7. 7
    used when you pause to think [spoken] used when you pause to think because you are guessing a number or amount 哦（用于因猜测数字或数量而暂停下来思考时）

    You'll have to pay rent, which is, what, about £300 a month or something like that. 你要付租金，哦，大概每月300英镑，差不多是那个数。

     Synonyms and related words
    Describing and introducing guesses: about, around, at a guess...
  8. 8
    used when someone calls your name [spoken] used when someone has just called your name or shown that they want to speak to you, and you are asking them to continue 什么事；有事吗

    ‘Hey, Julie!' ‘What?' ‘Come here – I've got something to show you.' “嗨，朱莉！”“有事吗？”“过来，我给你看样东西。”

BNC: 38 COCA: 34
BNC: 38 COCA: 34

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