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TOEFL BNC: 6378 COCA: 6922
hardship
noun [C/U] /ˈhɑː(r)dʃɪp/
singularhardship
pluralhardships
Related words
  1. a situation in which life is very difficult, usually because you do not have enough money 艰苦；艰难；贫困

    Even slight rent increases would cause considerable hardship. 即使房租只抬高一点点都会引起相当程度的拮据。

    Many students are facing financial hardship. 许多学生面临着经济困难。

     Synonyms and related words
    Difficult situations and experiences: crisis, battle, nightmare...
    1. a.
      something that makes your life more difficult or unpleasant 苦事；苦头；苦处
       Synonyms and related words
      General problems and difficulties: problem, difficulty, trouble...
TOEFL BNC: 6378 COCA: 6922
hardship

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + HARDSHIP | HARDSHIP + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤appalling, considerable, extreme, genuine, great, real, severe極度貧困；真正的艱苦；嚴重困難▸➤undue, unnecessary (especially BrE) 不應有的窮困；不必要的艱苦▸➤economic, financial, material, personal, physical經濟困難；財政困難；物質貧乏；個人磨難；身體上的磨難VERB + HARDSHIP➤cause導致貧困➤impose強加困難▸➤bear, endure, experience, face, suffer, survive忍受苦難；經歷艱辛；面臨困苦；熬過困苦◇a close community which makes these hardships easier to bear使得這些艱難困苦比較易於承受的緊密團結的群體◇Students may suffer severe financial hardship as a result of the government's decision.政府的這一決定可能會使學生經受嚴重的經濟困難。◇They have already survived considerable hardship.他們已經熬過了極其艱苦的時期。HARDSHIP + NOUN➤fund (BrE) 困難基金▸➤payment (BrE) 困難補助◇The union made hardship payments to some of the sacked workers.工會給一些遭解雇的工人發放了困難補助。PREPOSITION➤in hardship在困苦之中◇They are living in genuine hardship.他們確實生活困難。➤without hardship沒有困難◇They could improve our conditions without undue hardship for themselves.他們可以改善我們的生活條件而對他們自己也不會造成太大的困難。➤hardship among⋯中的貧困◇widespread hardship among students學生中普遍存在的貧困➤hardship to對⋯是苦難◇The cold was no real hardship to me.我並不覺得寒冷到難熬的地步。PHRASES➤times of hardship困難時期◇In times of economic hardship, companies cut back on training.在經濟困難時期，公司紛紛削減培訓支出。
TOEFL BNC: 6378 COCA: 6922
hardship noun
⇨ trouble 2

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