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TOEFL BNC: 2468 COCA: 3233
permission

noun

  ➡ See also the entries for approval and licence 另见approval条和licence条permission ♦︎ consent ♦︎ authorization ♦︎ authority ♦︎ clearance ♦︎ the go-ahead ♦︎ leaveThese are all words for allowing sth to happen or allowing sb to do sth. 这些词均表示准许、许可。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance for sth◆without sb's permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆with sb's permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave to do sth◆formal permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance◆special permission / consent / authorization / leave◆official permission / authorization / clearance◆prior / written permission / consent / authorization / authority◆to give (sb) permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave◆to get permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave◆to receive authorization / clearance / the go-ahead◆to have (sb's) permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / leave◆to require permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆to refuse (sb) permission / consent / authorization / clearance / leave■ permission [uncountable] the fact of being allowed to do sth, by sb who has the authority or right to decide 准许；许可；批准◆I asked permission to photograph the house.我请求允许给房子拍照。◆Who gave permission for this?谁准许这么做的？◆He had taken the car without his father's permission.他未经父亲许可就把车开走了。◆The portrait is reproduced by kind permission of the artist.该画像经画家慷慨许可后复制。◆The council refused planning permission (= official permission for new buildings or changes to existing ones).政务委员会拒绝给予规划许可。  see also permit ⇨ allow ■ consent kənˈsent [uncountable] (rather formal) permission that you give for sth, especially sth that affects you personally, your family or your property 同意，准许（尤指涉及个人、家庭或财产的事宜）◆He was accused of taking a vehicle without the owner's consent.他因未征得车主同意将车开走而受指控。◆The written consent of a parent is required.需要有家长书面同意。◆Children under sixteen cannot give consent to medical treatment.16岁以下儿童不得自行同意接受治疗。◆The girl was under the age of consent (= the age at which sb is legally old enough to agree to have sex).这个女孩未到自行同意发生性关系的法定年龄。OPP refusal ⇨ refusal   see also consent ⇨ agree 2 NOTE 辨析 Permission or consent? Permission is often (though not always) official, given by sb in authority; the important thing is for the person who wants to do sth to have or get the permission. 尽管有例外，permission常常是权威机构给予的、官方的许可，侧重点在于做某事之前必须先获得这一许可，动词用have或get◆Have you got permission to do that?你得到许可那样做了吗？◆Have you got consent to do that? Consent is often more personal, concerning what is done with sb's private property or their body; it is often used in the context of medical treatment or sexual relations; the important thing is for the person that sth is being done to give their consent. * consent常表示个人同意，关系到如何处置私人财产和个人身体，常用于同意进行治疗或发生性关系等语境，侧重点在于必须本人表示同意之后别人才能对他有所行动，动词用give◆Children under sixteen cannot give consent to medical treatment.16岁以下儿童不得自行同意接受治疗。◆Children under sixteen cannot give permission for medical treatment. However, in less formal contexts, permission may be used instead of consent. 但是，在较非正式的语境，permission可以代替consent◆You need written permission from your parents.你需要得到父母的书面同意。In more formal contexts consent may be used instead of permission. 在较正式的语境中，consent可以代替permission◆They had planning consent for a hotel and conference centre on the site.他们已获准在这个地点建一座酒店和会议中心。 ■ authorization (BrE also authorisation) ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɔːθərəˈzeɪʃn [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) official permission to do sth; the act of giving permission 批准；授权◆You may not enter the security area without authorization.未经授权不得进入警戒区域。◆The order was, in effect, an authorization to plan a coup.该命令实际上是授权策划政变。◆The department is responsible for the authorization of spending.这个部门负责审批支出预算。  see also authorize ⇨ allow ■ authority [uncountable] (rather formal) official permission or power to do sth 批准；授权；权力◆The government was accused of selling the land without formal authority.政府被指控没有得到正式批文就卖了这块地。◆The minister must answer to Parliament for anything his officials have done under his authority.部长必须向国会解释他手下官员经他授权的一切所作所为。NOTE 辨析 Authorization or authority?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. Authorization is nearly always permission for a particular action, or the act of giving this permission; authority can be more general, meaning 'the power to give permission': things can be done under sb's authority but not 'under sb's authorization'. 这两个词的含义差别不大。authorization几乎总是指做某事的许可，或给予许可。authority一词更笼统，可以表示审批权，表示“经某人的批准”可以用under sb's authority，但是不用under sb's authorization。■ clearance ˈklɪərəns; NAmE ˈklɪrəns [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) official permission that sb must get before they can work somewhere, have particular information, or do sth they want to do; official permission for a person or vehicle to enter or leave an airport or country （录用、接触特定信息或做某事之前的）审查许可，审核批准；（人、交通工具出入空港或出入境的）许可，准许◆It is safest to seek advance clearance from the tax office.安全起见还是事先去税务局申请许可。◆Allow a minimum of six weeks to obtain the necessary clearances.至少留出六周时间以取得必要的审查许可。◆The aircraft received clearance to taxi out for take-off.飞机得到许可，可以滑行起飞了。  see also clear ⇨ allow ■ the ˈgo-ahead [singular] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) permission for sb to start doing sth 批准；许可◆The company hopes to get the go-ahead for the new service.该公司希望获得新业务许可。◆Councils were given the go-ahead to spend more on housing.政务委员会已获准增加住房支出。ⓘ The go-ahead is nearly always used with the verbs get or give. * the go-ahead几乎总是与动词get或give连用。■ leave [singular] (formal) official permission to be or go somewhere; official permission to bring a case or make a request in court （对去某地的）许可；（对起诉或申诉的）准许◆In May the officer went absent without leave.那名警察在5月份擅离职守。◆The school gave him leave of absence (= permission to be away) to play in the final.学校批了假让他去参加决赛。◆An application for leave to appeal (= against a decision in court) must be made within four weeks.上诉申请必须在四周之内提出。

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