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TOEFL BNC: 2468 COCA: 3233
permission

noun

  ➡ See also the entries for approval and licence 另見approval條和licence條permission ♦︎ consent ♦︎ authorization ♦︎ authority ♦︎ clearance ♦︎ the go-ahead ♦︎ leaveThese are all words for allowing sth to happen or allowing sb to do sth. 這些詞均表示準許、許可。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance for sth◆without sb's permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆with sb's permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave to do sth◆formal permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance◆special permission / consent / authorization / leave◆official permission / authorization / clearance◆prior / written permission / consent / authorization / authority◆to give (sb) permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave◆to get permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / the go-ahead / leave◆to receive authorization / clearance / the go-ahead◆to have (sb's) permission / consent / authorization / authority / clearance / leave◆to require permission / consent / authorization / authority / leave◆to refuse (sb) permission / consent / authorization / clearance / leave■ permission [uncountable] the fact of being allowed to do sth, by sb who has the authority or right to decide 準許；許可；批準◆I asked permission to photograph the house.我請求允許給房子拍照。◆Who gave permission for this?誰準許這麽做的？◆He had taken the car without his father's permission.他未經父親許可就把車開走了。◆The portrait is reproduced by kind permission of the artist.該畫像經畫家慷慨許可後複制。◆The council refused planning permission (= official permission for new buildings or changes to existing ones).政務委員會拒絕給予規劃許可。  see also permit ⇨ allow ■ consent kənˈsent [uncountable] (rather formal) permission that you give for sth, especially sth that affects you personally, your family or your property 同意，準許（尤指涉及個人、家庭或財産的事宜）◆He was accused of taking a vehicle without the owner's consent.他因未征得車主同意將車開走而受指控。◆The written consent of a parent is required.需要有家長書面同意。◆Children under sixteen cannot give consent to medical treatment.16歲以下兒童不得自行同意接受治療。◆The girl was under the age of consent (= the age at which sb is legally old enough to agree to have sex).這個女孩未到自行同意發生性關系的法定年齡。OPP refusal ⇨ refusal   see also consent ⇨ agree 2 NOTE 辨析 Permission or consent? Permission is often (though not always) official, given by sb in authority; the important thing is for the person who wants to do sth to have or get the permission. 盡管有例外，permission常常是權威機構給予的、官方的許可，側重點在於做某事之前必須先獲得這一許可，動詞用have或get◆Have you got permission to do that?你得到許可那樣做了嗎？◆Have you got consent to do that? Consent is often more personal, concerning what is done with sb's private property or their body; it is often used in the context of medical treatment or sexual relations; the important thing is for the person that sth is being done to give their consent. * consent常表示個人同意，關系到如何處置私人財産和個人身體，常用於同意進行治療或發生性關系等語境，側重點在於必須本人表示同意之後别人才能對他有所行動，動詞用give◆Children under sixteen cannot give consent to medical treatment.16歲以下兒童不得自行同意接受治療。◆Children under sixteen cannot give permission for medical treatment. However, in less formal contexts, permission may be used instead of consent. 但是，在較非正式的語境，permission可以代替consent◆You need written permission from your parents.你需要得到父母的書面同意。In more formal contexts consent may be used instead of permission. 在較正式的語境中，consent可以代替permission◆They had planning consent for a hotel and conference centre on the site.他們已獲準在這個地點建一座酒店和會議中心。 ■ authorization (BrE also authorisation) ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɔːθərəˈzeɪʃn [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) official permission to do sth; the act of giving permission 批準；授權◆You may not enter the security area without authorization.未經授權不得進入警戒區域。◆The order was, in effect, an authorization to plan a coup.該命令實際上是授權策劃政變。◆The department is responsible for the authorization of spending.這個部門負責審批支出預算。  see also authorize ⇨ allow ■ authority [uncountable] (rather formal) official permission or power to do sth 批準；授權；權力◆The government was accused of selling the land without formal authority.政府被指控沒有得到正式批文就賣了這塊地。◆The minister must answer to Parliament for anything his officials have done under his authority.部長必須向國會解釋他手下官員經他授權的一切所作所爲。NOTE 辨析 Authorization or authority?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. Authorization is nearly always permission for a particular action, or the act of giving this permission; authority can be more general, meaning 'the power to give permission': things can be done under sb's authority but not 'under sb's authorization'. 這兩個詞的含義差别不大。authorization幾乎總是指做某事的許可，或給予許可。authority一詞更籠統，可以表示審批權，表示“經某人的批準”可以用under sb's authority，但是不用under sb's authorization。■ clearance ˈklɪərəns; NAmE ˈklɪrəns [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) official permission that sb must get before they can work somewhere, have particular information, or do sth they want to do; official permission for a person or vehicle to enter or leave an airport or country （錄用、接觸特定信息或做某事之前的）審查許可，審核批準；（人、交通工具出入空港或出入境的）許可，準許◆It is safest to seek advance clearance from the tax office.安全起見還是事先去稅務局申請許可。◆Allow a minimum of six weeks to obtain the necessary clearances.至少留出六周時間以取得必要的審查許可。◆The aircraft received clearance to taxi out for take-off.飛機得到許可，可以滑行起飛了。  see also clear ⇨ allow ■ the ˈgo-ahead [singular] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用於新聞) permission for sb to start doing sth 批準；許可◆The company hopes to get the go-ahead for the new service.該公司希望獲得新業務許可。◆Councils were given the go-ahead to spend more on housing.政務委員會已獲準增加住房支出。ⓘ The go-ahead is nearly always used with the verbs get or give. * the go-ahead幾乎總是與動詞get或give連用。■ leave [singular] (formal) official permission to be or go somewhere; official permission to bring a case or make a request in court （對去某地的）許可；（對起訴或申訴的）準許◆In May the officer went absent without leave.那名警察在5月份擅離職守。◆The school gave him leave of absence (= permission to be away) to play in the final.學校批了假讓他去參加決賽。◆An application for leave to appeal (= against a decision in court) must be made within four weeks.上訴申請必須在四周之内提出。

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