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IELTS BNC: 232 COCA: 231
national adj.
⇨ national (national radio) ⇨ cultural (national heritage) ⇨ public (a national museum)national noun
⇨ citizen national

adjective

national ♦︎ domestic ♦︎ civil ♦︎ nationwide ♦︎ internal ♦︎ homeThese all describe things connected with a particular country rather than foreign countries. 这些词均表示国家的、本国的、国内的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆national / domestic / home news◆domestic / internal / home affairs◆national / domestic politics / law◆the national / domestic / internal / home market ◆national / domestic / internal security◆domestic / civil / internal unrest / conflict◆a domestic / an internal flight / crisis◆domestic / internal trade◆a national / civil emergency◆national / civil defence◆a national / nationwide campaign / survey / strike◆on the domestic / home front■ national [usually before noun] connected with a particular country, rather than involving other countries; happening in or involving all parts of a particular country 国家的；全国的；民族的◆He has won medals in both national and international competitions.他在国内和国际比赛中都获得了奖牌。◆The country has a national debt of 80% of GNP.该国的国债占国民生产总值的80%。◆The state of our hospitals is a national disgrace.我们的医院状况是国家的耻辱。◆Decide whether it would be better to advertise in a national or a local newspaper.要确定一下是在全国性还是地方性报纸上做广告更好。 OPP international ⇨ international , local ⓘ Local describes things that belong to or are connected with the particular place or area that you are talking about or with the place where you live, not the whole country. * local指地方的、当地的、本地的◆A local man was accused of the murder.一个本地人被指控为这起谋杀案的凶手。◆decisions made at a local rather than national level地方性而非全国性的决策   see also nation ⇨ country 1 ▸ nationally

adverb

◆He's a talented athlete who competes nationally and internationally.他是一名有才华的运动员，既参加国内比赛，也参加国际比赛。◆The programme was broadcast nationally.这个节目当时是在全国播放。■ domestic [usually before noun] connected with or inside a particular country, rather than involving other countries 本国的；国内的◆The company has made losses in both its domestic and international operations.该公司的国内和国际业务都出现了亏损。◆He was a chief White House adviser on domestic policy.他是白宫国内政策首席顾问。OPP foreign , overseas ⇨ foreign ▸ domestically

adverb

◆domestically produced goods本国产品NOTE 辨析 National or domestic? National contrasts both with international and local; domestic contrasts with international (or foreign) but not local. Domestic is mostly used in the contexts of business and politics; national has a wider range. * national与international和local都形成对比；domestic与international（或foreign）形成对比，但不与local形成对比。domestic主要用于商务和政治语境，national应用范围更广。■ civil ˈsɪvl [only before noun] connected with the people who live in a particular country 国民的；平民的◆Both are veterans of the country's long civil war (= between groups of people in the same country).两人均为参加过这国家长期内战的老兵。◆Some groups have been calling for a non-violent civil disobedience campaign.一些团体一直在呼吁进行非暴力公民抵抗运动。ⓘ Civil is used especially to describe problems or violence involving the ordinary people within a country; collocates include war, unrest, conflict, disorder, disturbance and disobedience. * civil尤用以描述涉及国内普通民众的问题或暴力事件，搭配词有war、unrest、conflict、disorder、disturbance和disobedience。■ nationwide ˌneɪʃnˈwaɪd [usually before noun] happening or existing in all parts of a particular country 全国性的；遍及全国的；全国范围的◆The study uses data from a nationwide survey of 5 000 people.这一研究所使用的数据来自一项有5 000人受访的全国性民意调查。◆The police conducted a nationwide hunt for the missing girl.警方对那名失踪的女孩展开了全国范围的搜寻。▸ nationwide

adverb

◆The company has over 500 stores nationwide.这家公司在全国各地有500多家商店。NOTE 辨析 National or nationwide? Nationwide is used especially about activities or events in which people all over the country take part, or in which people travel all over the country; collocates include campaign, drive, strike, survey, tour, hunt and search. National is often used about organizations or institutions which serve the whole country, but nationwide is not used in this way. * nationwide尤用以描述全国民众参与或需要民众走遍全国的活动或事件，搭配词有campaign、drive、strike、survey、tour、hunt和search。national常用以描述为全国提供服务的组织或机构，但nationwide无此用法◆a nationwide health service ◆nationwide radio ■ internal ɪnˈtɜːnl; NAmE ɪnˈtɜːrnl [only before noun] connected with or inside a particular country, rather than involving other countries 国内的◆Nations should be left to resolve their own internal difficulties.本国问题应由本国解决。◆The civil war led to considerable internal migration (= people moving to different areas within a country).内战导致了国内大量居民的迁移。OPP external ⇨ foreign NOTE 辨析 Domestic or internal?There is very little difference in meaning or use between these words. Domestic is more frequent and is used especially in more ordinary situations in business and politics; collocates include currency, demand, service, economy, policy, issue and law. Internal is used slightly more in discussions of conflict situations; collocates include conflict, strife, division, self-government and security. 这两个词在含义和用法上差别很小。domestic更常用，尤用于较为普通的商务和政治场合，搭配词有currency、demand、service、economy、policy、issue和law。internal稍多用于讨论冲突的场合，搭配词有conflict、strife、division、self-government和security。■ home [only before noun] (especially BrE) connected with your own country rather than involving other countries 本国的；国内的◆The newspaper has different sections for home news, international and foreign news.这份报纸分别有国内、国际和外国新闻版。◆ (BrE) The Home Secretary has drawn up national guidelines.内政大臣拟订了国家纲领。ⓘ In Britain, home is used in the title of government departments and ministers who deal with issues inside the country, such as the Home Office and the Home Secretary. 在英国，home用于处理国内问题的政府部门和大臣的称谓中，如the Home Office（内政部）和the Home Secretary（内政大臣）。 OPP foreign , overseas ⇨ foreign

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