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IELTS BNC: 573 COCA: 438
hard
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adjective /hɑː(r)d/
adjectivehard
comparativeharder
superlativehardest
  1. 1
    stiff, firm, and not easy to bend or break 坚硬的；坚实的

    hard wooden benches 坚硬的木条凳

    The plastic was chosen because it is very hard and durable. 选择塑料是因为它坚实耐用。

     Synonyms and related words
    Solid, stiff or hard: solid, stiff, hard...
  2. 2
    difficult to do 困难的；费力的

    Some of the questions were very hard. 这些问题有的很难。

    find something hard :

    I found the English exam quite hard. 我发现英语考试题目很难。

    hard for someone to do something :

    It is hard for young people to get jobs in this area. 年轻人在这一地区找工作很难。

    hard to do something :

    It's hard to explain why I love this place so much. 很难解释为什么我这么喜欢这个地方。

    hard to believe :

    I find it hard to believe that we're leaving England for good. 我很难相信我们将永远离开英格兰。

     Synonyms and related words
    Difficult to do and involving a lot of effort: difficult, hard, tough...
    1. a.
      involving a lot of effort 辛苦的；费力的

      Lifting stones this size is pretty hard work. 把这么大的石头抬起来是件很吃力的活儿。

      I need to relax at the end of a hard day. 辛苦工作一天后我需要放松一下。

       Synonyms and related words
      Difficult to do and involving a lot of effort: difficult, hard, tough...
  3. 3
    unpleasant and full of problems 难以忍受的；艰难的

    My grandmother had a very hard life. 我祖母生活非常艰难。

    The family has had a hard time recently. 近来这家人生活很艰难。

    hard on :

    It's very hard on parents when their children are being bullied at school. 自己的孩子在学校里受到欺辱是很让父母难受的事。

     Synonyms and related words
    Not pleasant and enjoyable: unpleasant, bad, awful...
  4. 4
    strong and not easily frightened 强硬的；坚强的

    He likes to pretend he's hard, but he's really soft underneath. 他喜欢假装强硬，但实际上内心很柔弱。

     Synonyms and related words
    Brave and willing to take risks: brave, bold, heroic...
  5. 5
    unkind, or cruel 无情的；冷酷的

    She was deeply hurt by his hard words. 他那番刻薄的话深深伤害了她。

    hard on :

    Don't be too hard on her – she was only trying to help. 不要太苛责她了，她只不过想帮忙而己。

     Synonyms and related words
    Cruel and unkind: cruel, unkind, evil...
  6. 6
    using a lot of physical force 用力的；用劲的

    He gave the door a hard shove, and it opened. 他用力地推了一下门，门就开了。

     Synonyms and related words
    Words used to describe effort: concerted, painstaking, all-out...
  7. 7
    hard water does not mix easily with soap because it contains a lot of minerals （水）硬的（含矿物质较多）
     Synonyms and related words
    Words used to describe liquid: aerated, boiling, brackish...
  8. 8
    a hard winter is a very cold winter 严寒的；寒冷的
     Synonyms and related words
    Words used to describe cold weather: cold, crisp, brisk...
    1. a.
      a hard frost is very severe （霜冻）严重的
       Synonyms and related words
      Frost, icy weather and freezing: frost, black ice, icicle...
  9. 9
    [only before noun] hard facts are certain and can be proved 确凿的；可靠的

    We need some hard evidence to support our claim. 我们需要一些确凿的证据来支持我们的说法。

     Synonyms and related words
    True, definite and based on facts: true, certain, objective...
  10. From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary
    10
    fall on hard times to experience great difficulties

    The region saw a boom in the 1950s to 1970s but fell on hard times in the 1980s.

    Submitted by Boris Marchenko from Russian Federation on 17/05/2016
     
  11. From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary
    11
    make hard work of something to make something minor into a major problem

    My son always complains if I ask him to clean his room. He seems to make hard work of anything I ask him to do!

    Submitted by Emran Khoshrouye Ghiasi from Iran, Islamic Republic of on 03/01/2019
     
  12. From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary
    12
    have a hard time doing something to experience lots of difficulties doing something

    He had a hard time launching his new business project.

    Submitted by Boris Marchenko from Russian Federation on 20/10/2016
     
See also
hard
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★
★
adverb /hɑː(r)d/
comparativeharder
superlativehardest
  1. 1
    using a lot of effort 努力地；费劲地

    The Chinese team have worked very hard to get this far in the competition. 中国队努力拼搏，才在比赛中取得这样的成绩。

    Our people fought hard to gain independence. 我们的人民为获得独立进行了艰苦的斗争。

    I was trying very hard to remember her name. 我正努力地回忆她的名字。

     Synonyms and related words
    Difficult to do and involving a lot of effort: difficult, hard, tough...
    1. a.
      using a lot of force 用力地

      She pressed her face hard against the glass. 她把脸紧紧贴在玻璃上。

      You need to push harder. 你必须更用力地推。

      I didn't mean to hit him so hard. 我本没打算这么用力揍他。

       Synonyms and related words
      Words used to describe effort: concerted, painstaking, all-out...
    2. b.
      if you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully with your full attention 认真地；专注地

      I had to think hard before coming up with the right answer. 我要用心想才能想出正确的答案。

       Synonyms and related words
      Words used to describe effort: concerted, painstaking, all-out...
    Collocates: hard
    Adverbs frequently used with hard
    ▪  desperately, ever so, extremely, tremendously
  2. 2
    if it rains or snows hard, a lot of rain or snow falls （雨或雪）下得很大
     Synonyms and related words
    Words used to describe wet weather: rainy, showery, drizzly...
See also
IELTS BNC: 573 COCA: 438
hard

adjective¹

 1solid/stiff堅硬VERBS | ADVERB | PHRASES VERBS➤be, feel, look, seem堅固；感覺堅固；看上去堅實；好像結實◇The chairs felt hard and uncomfortable.這些椅子又硬又不舒服。➤become, go變得堅硬；硬起來◇Don't leave the cake uncovered or the icing will go hard.蛋糕得蓋上，否則上面的糖霜會變硬。➤stay保持堅硬ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極為／頗為／非常堅硬▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／稍微有些堅硬PHRASES➤rock hard堅如磐石◇The toffee was rock hard.這種太妃糖硬得像石頭。
hard

adjective²

 2difficult困難VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be, look, seem困難；看上去費力；好像費力▸➤become, get變得艱難◇Life got very hard.生活變得非常艱難。➤make sth使⋯變得困難◇If you tell the children the answers, it only makes it harder for them to do the work on their own.你要是把答案告訴孩子們，只會讓他們更難獨立完成作業。➤find sth覺得⋯困難◇I found the exam quite hard.我覺得這次考試非常難。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常困難▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／略微有些困難
IELTS BNC: 573 COCA: 438
hard adj.
⇨ hard (hard work) ⇨ difficult 1 (hard to believe) ⇨ difficult 2 (a hard life) ⇨ final (hard evidence) ⇨ harsh (a hard winter) ⇨ ruthless (a hard man) ⇨ solid (a hard chair)hard

adjective

hard ♦︎ strenuous ♦︎ arduous ♦︎ gruelling ♦︎ punishingThese words all describe things that need a lot of physical strength or effort. 这些词均表示做某事是耗费体力的、辛苦的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆hard / strenuous / arduous / gruelling work◆a hard / a strenuous / an arduous climb◆a hard / an arduous / a gruelling journey◆a hard / gruelling / punishing schedule◆a hard / gruelling day■ hard needing a lot of physical strength or mental effort, especially over a period of time 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的◆It's hard work shovelling snow.铲雪是个辛苦活儿。◆I've had a long hard day.我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。▸ hard

adverb

◆They work hard at school.他们很用功读书。◆I trained as hard as I could.我全力苦练。◆You must try harder.你得更加努力。◆She tried her hardest not to show her disappointment.她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。■ strenuous ˈstrenjuəs needing a lot of physical effort and energy; showing great energy and determination 费力的；繁重的；奋力的◆Avoid tasks which require strenuous physical activity.避免从事繁重的体力活动。◆The ship went down although strenuous efforts were made to save it.尽管人们尽了巨大努力去营救这条船，船还是沉了。▸ strenuously

adverb

◆He still works out strenuously every morning.他仍然每天早上勤加锻炼。◆The government strenuously denies the allegations.政府坚决否认那些说法。■ arduous ˈɑːdjuəs, ˈɑːdʒuəs; NAmE ˈɑːrdʒuəsinvolving a lot of physical or mental effort and energy, especially over a period of time 艰苦的；艰难的；（尤指）漫长艰巨的◆She was now faced with an arduous trek across the mountains.她当时正面对要翻越大山的艰苦行程。◆an arduous task / process艰巨任务；艰难过程NOTE 辨析 Strenuous or arduous? Strenuous activity may require more effort than arduous work, but it may take less time. * strenuous比arduous所表达的活动强度更大，但是持续的时间较短◆The exercise need not take long, but it should be fairly strenuous.做这项锻炼的时间不需要很长，但应达到一定强度。 ■ gruelling (especially BrE) (NAmE usually grueling) ˈgruːəlɪŋ very difficult and tiring, needing great physical or mental effort over a period of time 使人筋疲力尽的；折磨人的◆a gruelling work schedule累人的工作日程安排◆a sporting event that represents a gruelling test of endurance考验耐力的体育项目■ punishing (of planned activities) gruelling （活动计划）艰难持久的，令人疲惫不堪的◆a punishing exercise regime艰苦的训练规划◆The president has a punishing schedule for the next six months.总统今后六个月的工作日程十分繁忙。NOTE 辨析 Punishing or gruelling? Punishing is only used for planned activities and collocates only with schedule, programme and regime. * punishing只用于形容活动计划，仅与schedule、programme和regime等词搭配。

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