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IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun

damage ♦︎ harm ♦︎ detrimentThese are all words for the bad effects on sb/sth of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event. 这些词均表示不幸事件造成的伤害、损害。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆damage / harm / detriment to sth◆damage / harm from sth◆great / serious / severe / lasting / long-term / environmental damage / harm / detriment◆real / irreparable / permanent / physical / bodily / personal / emotional / psychological damage / harm◆to cause / do / inflict / suffer / escape / prevent damage / harm◆damage / harm results from sth■ damage [uncountable] the fact of sth being broken or spoiled, or the pain or suffering felt by sb, as a result of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event 破坏；损害；伤害◆The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $60 million.估计地震造成6 000万元的财产损失。◆We assessed the storm damage.我们估算了暴风雨所造成的损失。◆He was hit by a car and suffered severe brain damage.他被汽车撞了，脑部严重受伤。◆I insist on paying for the damage.我坚持要赔偿损失。◆I'm going－I've done enough damage here already.我走了，我在这里造成的损害已经够多了。   see also damaging ⇨ harmful ■ harm [uncountable] damage or suffering caused to sb/sth 伤害；损害◆The accident could have been worse; luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多，所幸没有造成损伤。◆The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.他们的治疗反而使他病情加重了。◆Hard work never did anyone any harm.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。◆He may look fierce, but he means no harm.他也许看上去很凶，但并无恶意。◆Don't worry, we'll see that the children come to no harm.别担心，我们会保证孩子们安然无恙。◆I prefer the children to play in the garden where they're out of harm's way.我比较喜欢让孩子在花园里玩耍，因为那里安全。   see also harmful ⇨ harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage or harm?Use damage to talk about the effects of storms, floods, fire, etc. on buildings and other objects. 表示暴风雨、洪水、火灾等给建筑物或其他物体造成的破坏用damage◆storm / flood / fire / smoke / bomb / structural damage暴风雨／洪水破坏；火灾损失；烟雾熏坏；炸弹毁坏；结构破坏Use damage to talk about the physical state of unhealthy organs in the body. 表示体内器官受损用damage◆liver / kidney / lung / brain damage肝／肾／肺／脑损伤Use damage or harm to talk about mental or emotional suffering. 表示精神或感情上受伤害用damage或harm◆emotional / psychological / social damage / harm感情／心理／社会伤害Use harm in a number of fixed phrases (see above) to express opinions about what or who may cause harm, or whether harm has been caused. * harm用于一些固定短语（如上），表达认为什么（或谁）可能造成伤害，或是否已经造成伤害。 ■ detriment ˈdetrɪmənt [uncountable, countable, usually singular] (formal) the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes harm or damage 伤害；损害；造成伤害（或损害）的事物◆Wood accounts for 90% of energy production in some countries, with consequent environmental detriment.有些国家90%的能源产自木材，因而给环境造成了破坏。◆He was engrossed in the job to the detriment of his health.他全力投入工作，结果损害了健康。◆The tax cannot be introduced without detriment to people's living standards.征收该税势必会影响到大众的生活水平。  see also detrimental ⇨ harmful damage

verb

damage ♦︎ hurt ♦︎ harm ♦︎ impair ♦︎ compromiseThese words all mean to have a bad effect on sb/sth. 这些词均表示伤害或损害某人或某事物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb's chances◆to damage / hurt / harm / compromise sb's reputation◆to damage / hurt / harm sb's interests / image◆to damage / harm / impair / compromise sb's health◆to seriously damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb / sth◆to greatly damage / hurt / harm / impair sb / sth◆to severely / badly damage / hurt / impair sb / sth■ damage [transitive] to cause physical harm to sth, making it less attractive, useful or valuable; to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 破坏；毁坏；损害；伤害◆Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.数辆汽车在撞车事故中损毁了。◆Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害健康。◆The allegations are likely to damage his political career.这些指控很可能损害他的政治生涯。◆He works with emotionally damaged children.他的工作是帮助有情感创伤的儿童。   see also damaging ⇨ harmful ■ hurt (hurt, hurt) [transitive] (rather informal) to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 损害；伤害；打击◆Many people on low incomes will be hurt by the government's plans.很多低收入者将会受到政府这些方案的打击。◆Hard work never hurt anyone.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。◆High interest rates are hurting the local economy.高利率正在损害本地经济。■ harm [transitive] to hurt sb/sth 伤害；损害◆Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。◆These revelations will harm her chances of winning the election.这些揭露的事实将削弱她在选举中的胜算。   see also harmful ⇨ harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage, hurt or harm? Hurt is slightly less formal than damage or harm, especially when it is used in negative statements. 与damage或harm相比，hurt稍显非正式，特别是用于否定陈述时◆It won't hurt him to have to wait a bit.等一小会儿对他不会有什么损害。◆These prices won't hurt your wallet.这些价格不会令你的荷包大出血。◆It won't damage/harm him to have to wait a bit. ◆These prices won't damage/harm your wallet. Harm is also often used to talk about ways in which things in the natural world such as birds, animals, wildlife and the environment are affected by human activity; people also talk about how an action may harm an unborn child/baby or a foetus. * harm后常接bird、animal、wildlife和environment等词，表示人类活动对自然界中生物和环境的影响；也可接unborn child/baby或foetus等词，表示某种行为危害胎儿。 ■ impair ɪmˈpeə(r); NAmE ɪmˈper [transitive] (rather formal) to damage sb's health, abilities or chances 损害；削弱◆There are a number of factors which can directly impair memory.有一些因素会直接损害记忆力。◆Even one drink can impair driving performance.即使喝一杯酒也足以影响驾驶操作。OPP improve ⇨ improve 1 ▸ impaired

adjective

 (used in compounds 用于复合词) ◆the problems faced by people who are visually / hearing impaired视力／听力受损的人所面临的问题■ compromise ˈkɒmprəmaɪz; NAmE ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz [transitive] to bring sb/sth/yourself into danger or under suspicion, especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible （尤指因行为不很明智）使陷入危险，使受到怀疑◆She has already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.她接受他的邀请，已经使她的声誉受到损害。◆Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances of reaching the finals of the competition.在这个阶段受挫会让他们进入决赛的机会变少。

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