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- effective 610
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- he'll 159
- enthusiastic 653
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- quarterback 66
- compassion 229
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- isolate 611
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- Calling 55
- React 485
- amplitude 136
- kilometer 611
- continuation 184
- sleepwear 44
- Outfit 163
- keyhole 60
- ambiance 116
- faggot 114
- Confined 203
- albanian 103
- fall into place 152
- humanity 218
- strictly 583
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- slap down 181
- brick up 119
- friary 92
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- thief 556
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- readiness 124
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- visible 797
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- Incurable 90
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- crucial 632
- selling 75
- fist 645
- efficient 695
- multinational 234
- contented 182
- bothered 157
- bank on 129
- ken 86
- imitate 427
- B.C. 494
- damned 168
- famed 127
- propensity 123
- renovate 268
- cotton bud 118
- hairpin curve 112
- Remand 26
- stranger 574
- diarrhea 180
- flap 319
- Exposed 218
- cry out 203
- Assorted 98
- bedspread 115
- sedan 140
- vise 186
- bring off 139
- compatriot 195
- garter belt 111
- Fend 48
- beauty parlour 86
- General social events and social activity 67
- fulfil 627
- turnstile 54
- heir 554
- mensch 54
- bricks-and-mortar 134
- limewater 50
- Overpower 89
- Late or too late 86
- thermometer 527
- donga 77
- Resident 250
- Countless 148
- tantalus 53
- aircraft 657
- while 515
- A small fortune 12
- voyage 670
- collaborate 555
- spinner 48
- sickness benefit 131
- Scrounge 30
- treatment 841
- pedigree 89
- skull 373
- pastel 79
- data mining 112
- instance 696
- moult 48
- parent 578
- high road 52
- juncture 55
- vhs 54
- outskirts 86
- degenerate 149
- Rage 304
- Govern 340
- facing 122
- That said 40
- hardened 150
- suave 90
- independent 672
- Room 265
- raillery 49
- extractor 135
- censorious 109
- anaesthesia 107
- deposit account 116
- haunting 273
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- Chill 132
- allot 213
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- Single 250
- modifier 217
- noted 73
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- poultry 159
- self-contained 297
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- breakthrough 233
- Unspoken 23
- General words for health 128
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- retrain 53
- Dictator 108
- Foundation 301
- means 561
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- county council 143
- pronouncement 78
- Dagger 16
- photorealistic 70
- physics 727
- marvelous 511
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- Unfulfilled 56
- spokesman 55
- snit 46
- palmtop 60
- do 355
- chippy 117
- blow your (own) trumpet 105
- submit 603
- doze 177
- Origami 68
- estimable 90
- EFFORT 66
- cosset 105
- gangling 144
- Buyer 158
- fell 254
- humidifier 78
- income 1024
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- heaven-sent 17
- manufacture 738
- gravel 148
- damn 275
- extranet 143
- engagement 543
- pit 526
- river 175
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- repair 694
- Sled 98
- treaty 775
- pianoforte 54
- announcer 577
- Orchard 153
- intemperate 170
- merchant bank 174
- alcove 104
- pure 491
- culture shock 131
- position 690
- Undeterred 36
- cyborg 106
- ornithology 58
- cargo 648
- refuse 1115
- booster 179
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- decree nisi 134
- mrs 55
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- Withdrawal 67
- collateral 101
- linnet 44
- high rise 83
- AS 111
- stratagem 114
- courtship 169
- coveralls 100
- commonly 487
- retaliate 303
- accessible 273
- cavalryman 93
- whirlpool 42
- Assembly 390
- imploring 61
- term 634
- ago 119
- legislate 119
- woofer 57
- give-and-take 220
- Overrun 78
- fiscal 175
- sell 525
- nlp 83
- babysitter 15
- Snide 28
- HIDE 157
- Alter 317
- pose 704
- clapped-out 353
- Nigh 204
- Outer 67
- misfire 65
- doofus 107
- handbagging 46
- slug 85
- identical 564
- bumper sticker 112
- Germany 373
- walrus 56
- scrutiny 167
- Hazard 116
- apologize 580
- sheer 276
- key card 67
- flexible 673
- Circuit 278
- day boy 58
- deaf-and-dumb 194
- Discovery 32
- crowdsourcing 54
- go about 137
- Seek 244
- nuisance 572
- apprentice 213
- unpack 281
- brow 735
- mx 79
- Meant 199
- vindaloo 61
- universal credit 22
break break
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verb 
/breɪk/
/breɪk/ | present tense | |
| I/you/we/they | break |
| he/she/it | breaks |
| present participle | breaking |
| past tense | broke |
| past participle | broken |
- 1[T]
to make something separate into two or more pieces, for example by hitting or dropping it 打破；折断；打碎；使碎裂 break something in half/two etc :Break the spaghetti in half and put it into the boiling water. 把意大利式细面条掰成两半，放进开水中。
Synonyms and related wordsTo break: break, fall apart, shatter...- a.[I] if something breaks, it becomes damaged and separates into pieces 破碎；破裂；断Synonyms and related wordsTo break: break, fall apart, shatter...
- c.[I/T] if a piece of equipment breaks, or if you break it, it stops working correctly because a part of it is damaged （设备）出故障,损坏
We used to have a toaster, but it broke. 我们过去有个烤箱，但坏掉了。
Don't play with the camera – you'll break it. 别摆弄照相机了，你会把它弄坏的。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make a machine or piece of machinery stop working: break, brick, cannibalise...Synonyms and related words
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- 2[T] to fail to obey a rule or law 不遵守，违反（规则或法律）
If you break the speed limit, the penalties are severe. 如果你违章超速行驶，受到的处罚会很严厉。
break the law :I don't care what your reasons are. The fact is you're breaking the law. 我不管你有什么理由。实际情况是你在违法。
Synonyms and related wordsTo fail to obey a rule, law or command: cross a line, break, defy...- a.to not do something that you promised or agreed to do 违背（诺言或协议）
They have started drilling for oil in the region, breaking an agreement made five years ago. 他们违背了5年前签定的协议，开始在这个地区钻井采油。
Elliot claims that his business partner broke her contract. 埃利奥特声称他的生意合伙人违约了。
Synonyms and related wordsTo not keep a promise: break, go back on, renege...
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- 3[T] to make a hole or cut in the surface of something 弄破…的表面；割破
The dog bit his leg, but fortunately didn't break the skin. 狗咬了他的腿，但幸运的是没有咬破皮。
Every so often a fish broke the still surface of the lake. 不时地有鱼游过,打破湖面的平静。
Synonyms and related wordsTo break: break, fall apart, shatter... - 4[T] to destroy someone's confidence, determination, or happiness 破坏（信心、决心或幸福）；使垮掉
a campaign of violence and intimidation, that eventually broke the opposition's will 一场用暴力与威胁最终打垮对手意志的运动
break someone's spirit :Twenty years in prison had not broken his spirit. 20年的监禁并没有打垮他的意志。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make someone feel disappointed or less hopeful: disappoint, let down, discourage...- a.[I] to lose your determination or confidence, especially when someone is deliberately trying to make this happen 垮掉；失去信心
She didn't break, even under hours of intense interrogation. 她甚至在几个小时的严厉审问下也没有垮掉。
Synonyms and related wordsTo lose hope, or to give up hope: give up on, despair, darken...
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- 5[I] if important news breaks, it becomes publicly known （消息）传开
He was back in France when the news broke. 当消息传开时他已回法国了。
For some days after the scandal broke, the press could find out nothing about him. 丑闻传开后的一段日子里，新闻界没了解到他的任何情况。
Synonyms and related words- a.[T] to publish or broadcast a news story for the first time 首次发表；首次播出
The Daily Mirror broke the story on Christmas Eve. 《每日镜报》在圣诞节前夕首次刊登了这篇报道。
Synonyms and related wordsTo publish something, or to be published: self-publish, publish, print...Synonyms and related wordsTo broadcast or be broadcast on television or radio: broadcast, report, give out... - b.[T] to tell someone bad news in a kind way 告诉（坏消息）
I didn't know how to break it to her. 我不知道如何把这件事告诉她。
Synonyms and related wordsTo tell someone something, or to give information: tell, deliver, report...
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- 6[I] to stop what you are doing for a short period of time 暂停
Why don't we break now and meet again tomorrow? 我们为什么不现在暂停一下，明天再碰头？
break for :OK, let's break for lunch. 好吧，让我们休息一会儿吃午饭吧。
Synonyms and related wordsTo stop doing something: stop, break off, give up... - 7[T] to stop a bad situation from continuing 终止；使不再继续
Everyone must work together to break the cycle of violence. 人人都必须共同努力终止暴力的循环。
Their goal was to break the monopoly of the state telecoms corporation. 他们的目标是打破国营电信公司的垄断。
break a deadlock (=end a situation in which no progress is being made) 打破僵局 :The meeting went on late into the night in an attempt to break the deadlock. 会议开到深夜，试图能够打破僵局。
break someone's hold/grip on something :They are determined to break the army's hold on power. 他们决心结束军队对权力的控制。
Synonyms and related wordsTo stop something from continuing or developing: interfere with, inhibit, disrupt...- a.to end your connection or relationship with someone 断绝，中断（关系）Synonyms and related wordsTo end a friendship or relationship: defriend, unfriend, break off...
- b.to end a quiet or calm period, for example by talking or making a noise 打破（寂静或平静）
Hardly a sound broke the sleepy summer silence. 几乎没有一点声音打破夏日令人昏昏欲睡的寂静。
The peaceful mood was broken by the blare of a police siren. 平静的气氛被刺耳的警笛声所打破。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make a sound: sound, tap out, let out...
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- 8[I] when day breaks, it starts to get light in the morning 破晓
The day broke grey and dull. 破晓时天色灰暗阴沉。
Synonyms and related wordsThe coming of night and day: break, close in, night falls... - 9[I] if a storm breaks, it starts （暴风雨）来临Synonyms and related words
- a.if the weather breaks, it changes unexpectedly, and usually becomes worse （天气）突变
The long hot spell finally broke. 这一阵长时间的炎热天气终于过去了。
Synonyms and related wordsChanges in the weather: break, break through, brighten up...
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- 10[I] if a boy's voice breaks, it becomes deeper and he starts to sound like a man （男孩的嗓音）变粗，变声Synonyms and related wordsWhat voices can do: break, choke, crack...
- a.if someone's voice breaks, they become unable to speak clearly, usually because they are upset （嗓音）突变Synonyms and related wordsWhat voices can do: break, choke, crack...
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- 11[I] if waves break, they reach their highest point and start to fall （波浪）落下，冲击Synonyms and related wordsWhat liquids can do: break, burst, cast up...
- 12[T] if someone breaks a code (=a secret way of writing), they learn how to understand it 破译（密码）Synonyms and related wordsCodes and codification: alphanumeric, break, CAPTCHA...
- 13[I] mainly literary if someone's fever breaks, it starts to become less severe （热度）降低；退烧Synonyms and related wordsTo get better after an illness: recovery, survive, recover...
phrases
- break your back
- break the back of something
- break the bank
- break cover
- break even
- break someone's fall
- break free
- break a habit
- break someone's heart
- break the ice
- break your journey
- break a leg
- break the mould
- break someone's neck
- break new ground
- break ranks
- break a record
- break someone's serve/service
- break the spell
- break a strike
- break wind
- something won't break the bank
phrasal verbs
See also
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★
noun /breɪk/
/breɪk/ | singular | break |
| plural | breaks |
- 1[C] a short period of time when you stop what you are doing so that you can eat or rest 休息（时间）；间歇break from :
A short nap can provide a much needed break from daily stress. 小睡一会儿能够提供日常紧张所需的休息。
have/take a break :We decided to take a short break. 我们决定休息一会儿。
a lunch/tea/coffee etc break :They usually went shopping in their lunch break. 他们通常利用午餐休息时间去购物。
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words for rest and relaxation: relaxation, comfort, breathing space...- a.[C] [usually singular] a rest from the work or job that you usually do （工间）休息
I could do with a break (=I need one). 我需要休息一下。
break from :The art class is the only time I can get a break from the kids. 美术课是我唯一能躲开孩子们休息一下的时间。
have/take a break (from) :I decided to take a break from college and do some travelling. 我决定休学一段时间去旅行。
Synonyms and related wordsTime off from work: absenteeism, break, career break... - b.[C] a short holiday 短假期
a weekend break for two in Florence 佛罗伦萨周末双人假期
Synonyms and related wordsTypes of holiday: activity holiday, adventure holiday, babymoon... - c.[C] [usually singular] British a period of time when most people do not go to work 假期
the Easter/Christmas break 复活节/圣诞假期
Synonyms and related wordsTime off from work: absenteeism, break, career break... - d.[U] education British a period of time between lessons when students and teachers can eat, rest, or play. The American word is recess 课间休息
They always play together during break. 他们课间休息时总在一起玩。
Synonyms and related wordsThe school or university day: after-school, assembly, break...
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- 2[C] a pause between television or radio programmes, especially when advertisements are broadcast （电视或广播节目中的）间歇；（尤指）插播广告的间歇
We'll be back after the break. 广告之后我们再回来。
Synonyms and related wordsParts of television and radio programmes: action replay, break, clip...- a.[singular] British informal a pause in a sports match （体育比赛的）间歇，休息时间
the half-time break 中场休息
Synonyms and related words
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- 3[C] a time at which one thing ends completely and a new thing begins 突变；决裂；转折期
Blair represented a decisive break after eighteen years of Conservative government. 布莱尔代表了保守党政府执政18年后的一种决定性的转折。
break with :a break with the past 与过去的决裂
make the break (=finally leave a job, relationship etc) 辞职；断绝关系；决裂 :a story about a woman who makes the break from an abusive relationship 关于一个女子摆脱虐待关系的故事
Synonyms and related wordsPauses, intervals and halts: pause, interval, halt...See also
clean - 4[C] a space in something such as a line of traffic 空隙；空间Synonyms and related wordsSpace and amounts of space: accommodation, air pocket, break...
- 5[C] a place where something is broken 裂缝；破裂处
There was a small break at the corner of the frame. 在框架的角上有一条小裂缝。
Synonyms and related wordsSigns of damage: a blot on something, blemish, blight...- a.a place where a bone is broken 骨折处Synonyms and related wordsDescribing or relating to bones and joints: a clean break, arthritic, break...
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- 6[C] [usually singular] an opportunity that helps you to be successful 机会；机缘；好运
a lucky break 好运气
Kiefer's big break came with the film Stand By Me. 影片《伴我同行》给基弗带来了大红大紫的机会。
Synonyms and related wordsOpportunities: opportunity, chance, choice... - 7[C] [usually singular] a sudden lack of control in someone's voice that shows they are upset （因难过而造成的嗓音）突变Synonyms and related wordsTone or quality of voice: break, cadence, croak...
- 9[C] in snooker or billiards, a period of time when a player continues to hit the ball successfully （斯诺克或台球戏的）一次连续得分，一杆得分Synonyms and related wordsSnooker, billiards and pool: baize, bar billiards, billiards...
- a.the number of points a player scores during this periodSynonyms and related wordsSnooker, billiards and pool: baize, bar billiards, billiards...
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noun¹
noun²
noun³
verb
verb
break noun
⇨ holiday 1 (Spring Break) ⇨ holiday 2 (a weekend break) ⇨ opportunity (a lucky break) ⇨ pause (a break in your routine) ⇨ rest 2 (a lunch break) break verb
⇨ break 1 (break a window/leg) ⇨ break 2 (a machine breaks) ⇨ break 3 (break the law) ⇨ break 4 (break a promise) ⇨ convey (break the news to sb) break 1 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 ➡ See also the entry for smash 另见smash条 break ♦︎ crack ♦︎ fracture ♦︎ snap These words all refer to sth being damaged as a result of force, usually so that it separates into two or more parts. 这些词均表示打破、破裂、断裂。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / crack / fracture a bone / rib ◆ to break / fracture your hip / jaw / wrist ◆ to crack / fracture your skull ◆ to break / crack a / an cup / egg / mirror ◆ a branch / cable / rope breaks / snaps ◆ a broken / cracked / fractured pipe ■ break (broke , broken [intransitive , transitive ] to damage sth or be damaged so that it separates into two or more parts, as a result of force （使）破，裂，碎 ◆ She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces .她把盘子掉在地上打碎了。 ◆ She fell off a ladder and broke her arm.她从梯子上掉下来，摔断了胳膊。 ◆ I didn't mean to break the window.我不是故意打破窗玻璃的。 ◆ He broke the chocolate in two and gave me half.他把那块巧克力一分为二，给了我一半。 ◆ How did this dish get broken ?这只盘子是怎么打破的？ ▸ breakage ˈbreɪkɪdʒ [countable , uncountable ] ◆ The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。 ◆ Wrap it up carefully to protect against breakage.把它包好，以免破损。 ■ crack [intransitive , transitive ] (of sth hard) to break so that lines appear in it, but without dividing into separate parts; to break sth in this way （使硬物）破裂，裂开，断裂 ◆ The ice cracked as I stepped on it.我一踩冰就裂了。 ◆ The leather / mud / paint / plaster had cracked.皮革／泥／油漆／灰泥已开裂。 ◆ He has cracked a bone in his arm.他的手臂有一处骨裂。 ◆ Her lips were dry and cracked.她的嘴唇干裂了。 ⓘ Less frequently, to crack can involve breaking into separate parts, if it is used with a preposition. * crack与介词连用可表示打碎，此义较少用 ◆ She cracked an egg into the pan.她往锅里打了一个鸡蛋。 crack ⇨ crack noun ■ fracture ˈfræktʃə(r) [intransitive , transitive ] (formal ) to break or crack; to make sth break or crack （使）断裂，折断，破裂 ◆ Cast iron is not only heavy, but likely to fracture.铸铁不仅重，还有可能断裂。 ◆ A gas escape from a fractured pipe was the likely cause of the explosion.可能是从破裂的管道里泄露的煤气引发了爆炸。 ◆ He fell and fractured his skull.他跌倒摔裂了颅骨。 ▸ fracture [countable , uncountable ] ◆ She sustained two fractures to her leg.她的一条腿有两处骨折。 ◆ Ground movements could cause fracture of the pipe.地层移动可能导致管道破裂。 NOTE 辨析 Any of these verbs can be used for bones; break or fracture but not crack can be used for joints. 这些动词均可指骨折或骨裂。break和fracture可指关节部位的骨折，但crack不能 ◆ He cracked his hip/jaw/wrist. Only break can be used for arms and legs. 只有break可指手臂和腿骨折 ◆ She cracked/fractured her arm/leg. Fracture is the usual verb for talking about skulls (= the bone structure in the head) ; you can also use crack , but not break . 颅骨开裂通常用fracture，也可用crack，但不用break ◆ He fell and broke his skull. ■ snap (-pp- [intransitive , transitive ] to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break sth in this way （使喀嚓）断裂，绷断 ◆ Suddenly the rope snapped.绳子突然啪地绷断了。 ◆ The wind had snapped the tree in two.风把树喀嚓一声刮断了。 break 2 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 break ♦︎ fail ♦︎ break down ♦︎ go wrong ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go down These are all words that can be used when a machine stops working because of a fault. 这些词均表示机器出故障、失灵。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a video / watch breaks / goes wrong ◆ a washing machine breaks down / goes wrong ◆ an engine fails / breaks down ◆ a computer goes wrong / crashes ◆ a system fails / crashes / goes down ■ break (broke , broken [intransitive , transitive ] (of a device or small machine) to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage a device or small machine and stop it from working （装置或小型机器）损坏，坏掉；弄坏 ◆ My watch has broken.我的表坏了。 ◆ I think I've broken the video.我可能把录像机弄坏了。 ■ fail [intransitive ] (of a system, part of a machine or system, or part of the body) to stop working （系统、机器或系统的一部分）出故障，失灵；（身体部位）出毛病 ◆ The air-conditioning system failed on the hottest day of the year.空调系统在一年里最热的那天瘫痪了。 ◆ The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill.我的自行车下山途中车闸失灵了。 ▸ failure [uncountable , countable ] ◆ patients suffering from heart / kidney failure心脏／肾衰竭的病人 ◆ A power failure plunged everything into darkness.停电使一切陷入黑暗。 ■ ˌbreak ˈdown (broke , broken (of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault （机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉 ◆ The washing machine has broken down again.洗衣机又坏了。 ◆ We (= our car) broke down on the motorway.我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。 ▸ breakdown ˈbreɪkdaʊn ◆ a breakdown on the motorway在高速公路上抛锚 ■ ˌgo ˈwrong (goes , went , gone to stop working correctly 发生故障；出毛病 ◆ My watch keeps going wrong.我的手表老是出毛病。 ◆ The new television set will contain fewer components to go wrong.新电视机出故障的部件会更少。 ⓘ Machines, devices and parts inside machines and vehicles can go wrong ; whole vehicles cannot. * go wrong指机器、装置或机器和车辆的零部件出毛病，车辆整体发生故障不能用go wrong ◆ The car has gone wrong again. If sth goes wrong , it may not stop working completely, as it does if it breaks or breaks down . * go wrong所指的故障未必使事物完全停止运转，break或break down则指彻底坏掉。 ■ crash [intransitive , transitive ] (of a computer or computer system) to stop working suddenly; to make a computer or computer system stop working suddenly （使计算机或计算机系统）崩溃 ◆ Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就可能丢失。 ▸ crash [countable ] ◆ A systems crash in the morning and a bomb scare in the afternoon provided enough excitement.上午的计算机系统崩溃和下午的炸弹恐吓让人受够了刺激。 ■ ˌgo ˈdown (goes , went , gone [intransitive ] (of a computer system) to stop working temporarily （计算机系统）暂停运行 ◆ The system is going down in ten minutes.系统十分钟后要暂停运行。 NOTE 辨析 crash and this is always sudden and unexpected; when a system goes down , it may have been turned off deliberately to prevent people from using it while work is carried out on it. * crash指单个计算机或整个系统意外地突然崩溃；go down指系统或许被故意关闭，以阻止执行工作时有人使用。 break 3 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 break ♦︎ breach ♦︎ infringe ♦︎ violate These words all mean to do sth that is against the law, an agreement or a principle. 这些词均表示违反法律、协议或原则。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / breach / infringe a regulation ◆ to break / breach / violate a rule / law / treaty ◆ to break / infringe / violate a code ◆ to break / violate a ceasefire / truce ◆ to breach / infringe / violate copyright ◆ to breach / infringe / violate Article 12 of the treaty ■ break [transitive ] to do sth that is against the law or a rule or agreement 违反（法律、规定或协议） ◆ to break an agreement / a contract违反协议／合同 ◆ Would you be willing to break the law to achieve your goal?你愿意为达到目的而违反法律吗？ ◆ They insist that they have not broken any rules.他们坚持说他们没有违反任何规章。 ◆ He was breaking the speed limit (= driving faster than the law allows) .他违章超速行驶。 OPP obey ⇨ follow 3 ■ breach briːtʃ [transitive ] (formal ) to not keep an agreement; to not obey a rule or law 违背；违反；违犯 ◆ The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty.政府被控违反条约中的规定。 OPP comply ⇨ follow 3 ▸ breach [countable , uncountable ] ◆ a breach of contract / copyright / warranty违约；侵犯版权；违反保证 ◆ This action is in breach of Article 119 of the Constitution.该行为触犯了宪法第119条。 NOTE 辨析 Breach is more formal. You can breach a particular rule, but you would break 'the law' in general. 与break相比，breach较正式。特指违反某一规章可用breach，泛指违法则用break ◆ areas where EU limits were breached违反欧盟限制的地区 ◆ They are breaching the law and could be in serious trouble. People break laws . Either people or actions can breach rules . 表示人违法用break laws，人或行为违背规章均可用breach rules。 ■ infringe ɪnˈfrɪndʒ [transitive , intransitive ] (formal ) (of an action or plan) to break a law; to limit sb's legal rights （行动或计划）违法；侵犯，侵害（合法权益） ◆ The material can be copied without infringing copyright.这份材料可以复制，不会侵犯版权。 ◆ They said that compulsory identity cards would infringe civil liberties.他们说强制办理身份证会侵犯公民自由。 ◆ She refused to answer questions that infringed on her private affairs.她拒绝回答侵犯她隐私的问题。 ▸ infringement [uncountable , countable ] ◆ copyright infringement对版权的侵犯 ◆ an infringement of his personal liberty对他的人身自由的侵犯 ■ violate ˈvaɪəleɪt [transitive ] (formal ) to refuse to obey or keep a law, principle or agreement; to disturb or not respect sb's peace or privacy 违反，违犯，违背（法律、原则或协议）；搅扰；侵犯（隐私） ◆ The directive violates fundamental human rights.该指令违反基本人权。 ◆ She accused press photographers of violating her privacy.她指责新闻摄影记者侵犯了她的隐私。 OPP respect ⇨ follow 3 invade ⇨ interfere ▸ violation [countable , uncountable ] ◆ gross violations of human rights对人权的粗暴践踏 ◆ They were in open violation of the treaty.他们公然违反条约。 NOTE 辨析 Violate often describes actions that are not just illegal, but morally wrong. Infringe can be about sb's personal rights, but it is not as strong as violate , which is more about universal human rights. * violate所描述的行为常常不仅是非法的，还是不道德的。infringe可以指侵犯个人权利，但不如violate强烈，violate更多指侵犯普世人权。 break 4 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 break ♦︎ withdraw ♦︎ do a U-turn ♦︎ retract ♦︎ recant ♦︎ take sth back ♦︎ backtrack ♦︎ go back on sth These words all mean to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise. 这些词均表示改变、撤回原先的声明、观点或承诺。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / withdraw / go back on a promise ◆ to break / go back on your word / an agreement ◆ to withdraw / retract a / an claim / allegation / confession ■ break [transitive ] to not keep a promise or agreement 违背（诺言或协议） ◆ I've never broken my word; why should I do it now?我从未食言过，为什么现在要这么做？ ◆ She has already broken three appointments (= not gone to them) .她已经爽约三次了。 OPP keep ⇨ keep 5 ■ withdraw wɪðˈdrɔː, wɪθˈdrɔː (withdrew , withdrawn [transitive ] (formal ) to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true 收回，撤回，撤销（说过的话） ◆ The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.这家报纸第二天收回了那些说法。 ■ ˌdo a ˈU-turn (informal , especially journalism 尤用于新闻 ) to make a complete change in policy or behaviour, usually one that is embarrassing （在政策或行为上）作出（令人尴尬的）彻底转变 ◆ The Prime Minister may be forced to do another humiliating U-turn on Europe.首相在欧洲政策上也许再一次被迫做出不光彩的180度大转变。 ⓘ Do a U-turn doing a U-turn is seen as being an embarrassing experience, it is usually used with verbs such as have to and be forced to . * do a U-turn最常出现在与政治和商业相关的语境里。由于do a U-turn被视作令人尴尬的做法，故通常与have to、be forced to等动词连用。 U-turn ⇨ revolution 2 ■ retract rɪˈtrækt [transitive ] (formal ) to say that sth you said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it 撤销，收回（说过的话） ◆ He made a false confession which he later retracted.他作了假供词，后来又翻供。 retraction ⇨ denial NOTE 辨析 In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用 ◆ to withdraw / retract a claim / an allegation / a confession撤销声明／说法／供词 However, retract is used more often when sb has been forced to say sth (like a false confession ) that they did not really mean and wish to give their true opinion; withdraw is used more often when sb has made a claim or accusation against sb that they cannot prove, and is forced to admit that it is not true. 不过，某人被迫说了本意不想说的话（如假供词），但希望能说出真实的看法时较常用retract；某人作出了针对他人未经证实的断言或指控，被迫承认所言非实时较常用withdraw。 ■ recant rɪˈkænt [transitive , intransitive ] (formal ) (especially in the past) to say publicly that you no longer have the same belief or opinion （尤指旧时）公开宣布放弃（原先的信仰或观点） ◆ In 1633 he was forced to recant his assertion that the earth orbited the sun.他在1633年被迫公开宣布放弃地球围绕太阳运转的断言。 ■ ˌtake sth ˈback (took , taken (informal , spoken ) to admit that sth you said was wrong or that you should not have said it 收回，撤回（说过的不当的话） ◆ OK, I take it all back!好吧，我把我说过的话统统收回！ ⓘ Take sth back Would you like to take that back? (said to sb who has just offended the speaker), Can I take that back? or I take it (all) back . * take sth back最常用于口语表达，如Would you like to take that back?（你愿意收回那句话吗？）；Can I take that back?（我可以收回那句话吗？）；I take it (all) back.（我把我说过的话（统统）收回。） ■ backtrack ˈbæktræk [intransitive ] (especially business 尤用于商业 or politics 政治 ) to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from sb/sth （屈于压力而）改变声明（或主张），出尔反尔；退缩 ◆ The trade unions have had to backtrack on their main demand.工会不得不改变了主要的诉求。 ■ ˌgo ˈback on sth (goes , sent , gone (informal ) to fail to keep a promise; to change your mind about sth 违背承诺；食言；改变主意 ◆ They have no intention of going back on any of their commitments.他们无意背弃他们作出的任何承诺。
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