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BNC: 2 COCA: 2
be
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verb strong /biː/ weak /bi/
Iam
you we theyare
he/she/itis
present participlebeing
past tense
I he she itwas
you we theywere
past participlebeen
Be can have many different forms depending on its subject and on its tense: 根据主语和时态变化be有许多不同形式
present tense
I am
he/she/it is
we/you/they are
past tense
I/he/she/it was
we/you/they were
past participle
been
present participle
being
Be can be used in the following ways: be 有以下用法
as an auxiliary verb in progressive verb tenses or in passive forms (followed by a present participle or a past participle): 在动词进行时态或被动态中用作助动词（后接现在分词或过去分词）: The train is leaving. 火车就要开车了。 A window was broken. 一扇窗户被打破了。
as a verb (followed by an infinitive with ‘to'): 用作动词（后接带to的不定式）: She is to marry Lord Stanhope. 她要嫁给斯坦诺普勋爵。 All books are to be returned by Friday. The party was to be a surprise.
as a linking verb (followed by an adjective or noun complement): 用作连系动词（后接形容词或名词补语）: Dad was ill. 爸爸病了。 His wife is a doctor. 他的妻子是医生。 (followed by an adverb or preposition): 后接副词或介词: The children are in bed. 孩子们在睡觉。
Questions and negatives that are formed without ‘do': 构成疑问句和否定句不加do: Are you busy? 你忙吗？ The book was not expensive. 这本书不贵。
Be is often used in question tags: 常用于反意疑问句: You weren't listening, were you? 你没有在听，对吧？ It's cold, isn't it? 天很冷，不是吗？
  1. 1
    [auxiliary verb] used for forming the progressive tenses of verbs, that are used for showing actions that are in progress at a particular point in time （用于构成动词的进行时态，表示动作在某一时刻正在进行）在，正在

    Is everyone listening? 每个人都在听吗？

    I'm studying English Literature. 我正在学习英国文学。

    We were having breakfast when Terry phoned. 特里打来电话时我们正在吃早餐。

     Synonyms and related words
    Auxiliary verbs: be, do, have...
  2. 2
    [auxiliary verb] used for forming the passive form of verbs （用于构成动词的被动形式）被，由

    Her husband was killed in a car accident. 她的丈夫出车祸死了。

    The orchestra will be conducted by David Norton. 乐队将由戴维·诺顿指挥。

     Synonyms and related words
    Auxiliary verbs: be, do, have...
  3. 3
    [linking verb] used for giving information about someone or something, by giving their name, job, position etc, describing them, or saying where they are （用于提供有关某人或某物的信息）

    Calvin Schultz is our Marketing Director. 卡尔文·舒尔茨是我们的市场部主任。

    He wants to be an actor when he leaves school. 他想当演员。

    It was a cold frosty morning. 这是个严寒的早晨。

    Baltimore is not far from Washington. 巴尔的摩离华盛顿不远。

    Tom's from a small town in Canada. 汤姆来自加拿大。

    Who's in charge of the Finance Department? 谁负责财务部门？

    Nancy is tall and very thin. 南希个子很高又特别瘦。

     Synonyms and related words
    Linking verbs: appear, be, become...
  4. 4
    [linking verb] used for saying how someone behaves, or for telling them how to behave （用于谈论某人的行为如何，或告知他们如何去做）

    Be quiet! I can't hear what they're saying. 安静！

    He's just being silly again – pay no attention. 他又犯傻了，别理他。

     Synonyms and related words
    Linking verbs: appear, be, become...
  5. 5
    [I] formal to exist 存在；生存

    a way of life that has long since ceased to be 消失了很久的一种生活方式

     Synonyms and related words
    To exist: exist, operate, live...
    Cultural note: be
    The most famous speech in Shakespeare's Hamlet begins with the words ‘To be or not to be…', in which Hamlet considers the possibility of killing himself.
Usage note: be
In conversation or informal writing am can be shortened to 'm, is can be shortened to 's, and are can be shortened to 're: 在谈话或非正式书面语中am可缩写为’m，is可缩写为’s，are可缩写为’re: I'm so glad you came.我很高兴你来了。 Kay's still at the office.凯还在办公室。 We're leaving tomorrow.我们打算明天离开。
These short forms can be followed by not to make negative sentences: 这些缩写形式可后接not构成否定句: I'm not surprised.我不吃惊。 She's not very strong.她不太强壮。 You're not helping.你不是在帮忙。
Negative forms can also be shortened: am not can be shortened to aren't (but only in questions), is not can be shortened to isn't, are not can be shortened to aren't, was not can be shortened to wasn't, and were not can be shortened to weren't: 否定形式也可以缩写：am not可缩写成aren’t （只在疑问句中），is not可缩写成isn’t，are not可缩写成aren’t，was not可缩写成wasn’t，were not可缩写成weren’t: I'm next, aren't I?我是下一个，对吗？ Tom isn't coming.汤姆不会来。 They weren't very nice.他们不是很友好。

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