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- Pounce 70
- high spot 88
- Funeral 341
- clarify 738
- Structural 82
- contraindication 124
- highboy 88
- blabber 98
- slack off 173
- job share 137
- shave off 123
- microbe 194
- defeatist 166
- wrongly 185
- jeweller 85
- Itinerary 320
- tourniquet 86
- unloved 98
- Device 456
- service 1197
- preheat 134
- mercantilism 77
- dispute 747
- waitress 90
- Recap 227
- rigatoni 102
- revisit 164
- teacake 89
- overate 76
- bedevil 188
- Acoustic 18
- stature 222
- transcription 122
- smackdown 81
- ringworm 88
- nominal 114
- retiring 78
- crammed 177
- flyover 121
- puzzling 109
- make sure 177
- elision 194
- rotunda 92
- eyewash 159
- send-up 96
- contract 1367
- playboy 103
- Brand-name 96
- wartime 73
- hold back 285
- table top 85
- Off 159
- by-line 165
- truther 81
- detonate 190
- ostrich 167
- Courthouse 13
- Fraught 242
- altitude 620
- tasmania 86
- disconcerting 220
- broadway 139
- censor 205
- tantrum 492
- penance 199
- chunder 135
- shallow 802
- Grieve 20
- kindred 96
- Law 672
- romaine 81
- problem 1213
- blowgun 143
- compound 739
- handbook 208
- jeopardize 219
- libretto 112
- erstwhile 141
- distemper 132
- marquetry 92
- sorbet 94
- Blindfolded 82
- disinter 167
- pounding 73
- nonrefundable 87
- hyperpolyglot 23
- airfield 162
- virility 81
- cosmonaut 134
- checkmate 154
- gazette 125
- unwanted 157
- impermissible 76
- boathouse 147
- moisturise 163
- padding 95
- fetters 136
- filling 374
- bobsled 134
- pseudoscience 85
- overstatement 69
- Leaning 75
- Dance 253
- invertebrate 93
- mozzie 85
- seclude 152
- laryngeal 85
- leaflet 130
- autochthonous 93
- southwesterly 64
- archeologist 121
- undertake 860
- quadrilateral 102
- combatant 145
- perennial 143
- jobless 351
- midweek 86
- precipitation 216
- houseboat 87
- arresting 133
- ragout 90
- avalanche 257
- tramway 93
- Prozac 68
- rioting 228
- gravitational 121
- Living 260
- Leader 516
- supersize 83
- marigold 83
- Flora 217
- macaroni 94
- individualist 84
- disinvestment 185
- reduce 1426
- undelete 82
- carryover 124
- Howdy 12
- counterattack 141
- Mayday 35
- joggers 75
- misunderstood 203
- in the wake of something 227
- hundredweight 93
- Kaput 29
- arabesque 135
- All 171
- cocksure 138
- underemployed 134
- breakup 310
- analyse 854
- Accommodate 237
- daguerreotype 137
- terrine 242
- mescalin 91
- broking 118
- mourning 294
- ferrule 142
- angular 188
- Exact 336
- Aside 252
- embarrassment 192
- expressionism 183
- funding 249
- highway 1220
- obsequies 94
- Parting 56
- Current 448
- netbook 84
- trinket 123
- sherbet 81
- colander 147
- misrepresent 119
- transactional 165
- Abreast 147
- Gag 115
- indiscernible 88
- starlet 168
- characterless 151
- Exist 330
- Facing 370
- correct 1253
- STEAL 15
- raffish 89
- endocrinology 88
- kilobit 81
- Programming 123
- sputter 217
- Morph 104
- wake up 211
- lid 754
- hypocrisy 208
- Pupa 2
- Subterfuge 126
- Tune out 35
- undergraduate 512
- monochromatic 77
- clipped 198
- Dadaism 130
- flatware 149
- Helicopter 254
- jugad 70
- laconic 292
- serendipitous 178
- substitute 1180
- eggshell 169
- Venue 345
- impressionist 80
- prod 257
- protrude 227
- ton 695
- autarky 114
- headless 78
- brioche 183
- badness 116
- inconsiderate 102
- bandsaw 105
- Prowess 70
- deterministic 147
- courtesan 134
- unceremonious 88
- unworthy 238
- directionless 188
- pursuit 740
- heterogeneity 80
- dressage 127
- undercarriage 193
- impossibility 96
- nut 823
- incapacitated 92
- redistricting 71
- The grammatical behavior of words 86
- ironclad 164
- underutilized 82
- preternatural 81
- individuality 116
- multitudinous 76
- quadripartite 78
- to and fro 58
- decaffeinated 130
- AVID 199
- signification 189
- Major 428
- knock down 201
- chimp 154
- Moral 573
- Tutor 165
- big cat 164
- retrospective 108
- goings on 100
- Title 322
- disadvantaged 234
- unadventurous 81
- clarification 251
- discontinuity 145
- superannuated 92
- dissimilarity 154
- irresponsible 130
- rookery 98
- Thank 145
- accommodating 177
- Thrive 303
- flit 174
- approximation 171
- bouillabaisse 118
- vest 1054
- sedimentation 89
- commercialise 203
- conscientious 285
- lepidopterist 68
- postoperative 79
- palaeontology 94
- idiosyncratic 129
- Regal 17
- pharmacopoeia 91
- millionairess 91
- postmodernism 80
- chancery 129
- individualism 97
- Leash 106
- Begun 39
- disappearance 238
- microblogging 89
- Times 100
- underrepresented 83
- detect 975
- extraterritorial 110
- flip a switch 156
- pick up after 157
- Heist 257
- lughole 80
- CLAIM 56
- point of sale 229
- As soon as 25
- orthogonal 94
- venison 81
- spotlight 319
- Look up to 198
- nursery rhyme 81
- refrain 259
- In a bad condition 109
- modesty 270
- on a collision course 72
- gladiolus 139
- freight 734
- telepathy 143
- couscous 150
- pressure 1034
- Bad 339
- I've 83
- snowman 111
- guardsman 155
- Good old 66
- neonate 82
- journey 974
- Bananas 99
- swither 81
- Network 442
- Verse 112
- report 1969
- son 451
- Irreparable 155
- Incarcerate 133
- bevvied 107
- Millionaire 14
- MAYOR 157
- Seriousness 210
- deserved 131
- clear out 445
- fission 127
- mononucleosis 107
- Embarrassed 307
- shindig 94
- Occasional 206
- confessor 130
- Unidentified 36
- Surrounding 171
- Connoisseur 46
- schlub 75
- Prohibition 147
- Proposition 148
- Screenwriter 39
- pile on the agony 167
- Indifference 188
- General words meaning to happen 87
- Incarnation 217
- Utilitarian 79
- abbey 164
- Spokesperson 155
- patently 128
- implode 108
- tearful 110
- be that as it may 81
- doughy 134
- scammer 130
- obscure 988
- payroll 82
- outvote 103
- Preposterous 157
- Condominium 117
- tainted 160
- Attribution 147
- ei 124
- evening 343
- ghettoize 114
- Riotous 85
- carnage 193
- saracen 78
- parsnip 95
- sinuous 85
- make encouraging/sympathetic etc noises 65
- broadly 145
- gossipy 188
- boxhead 123
- dramatics 142
- neodymium 91
- penurious 92
- Unveiling 166
- lecherous 95
- eavestrough 152
- Pitch 195
- Abate 114
- war 801
- meerkat 81
- inuit 94
- berkelium 95
- rescind 125
- Castrate 60
- fanciable 111
- Dusty 61
- LAUGH 142
- choirmaster 225
- Cajun 85
- Facsimile 100
- insipid 118
- swollen 533
- tannery 88
- trainee 175
- abscond 135
- expense 1263
- diviner 187
- farrier 154
- insulated 79
- Aspiration 290
- Acquit 178
- beseech 176
- godliness 151
- phenotype 101
- chadian 109
- cottaging 136
- pollutant 121
- nutritive 85
- supervise 204
- bilious 124
- trap 819
- redcoat 100
- electrics 114
- clamour 219
- decayed 128
- satirical 147
- revolving 218
- Mortar 428
- molecular 121
- Malagasy 77
- unsullied 87
- billionth 119
- trenchant 89
- despotism 145
- blinkered 121
- Luggage 33
- herbarium 77
- swaziland 71
- veil 566
- prosecute 261
- paralyzed 159
- disability 345
- turn to 193
- Propensity 274
- rostrum 101
- dial 1018
- commute 358
- sleepyhead 72
- untruth 160
- hydrate 152
- seamed 69
- reddish 148
- mobster 115
- headscarf 115
- homicidal 112
- correction 623
- deception 250
- twirl 131
- embattled 123
- composite 173
- Flex 194
- succotash 76
- reduction 1052
- trackball 82
- ethnology 123
- preempt 111
- cosmetics 139
- practiced 205
- aerobic 209
- Rebut 138
- morph 93
- particular 976
- stood 83
- archaeological 146
- sneaker 182
- expulsion 216
- Venus 114
- da 187
- appointment 825
- dribs and drabs 148
- swelter 184
- what for 61
- riposte 79
- unsettled 302
- warbler 97
- victoriana 94
- continued 183
- plonk 98
- unplugged 80
- nozzle 100
- cartwheel 141
- Shank 136
- Smile 126
- rejoicing 111
- Mgr 140
- esplanade 133
- over-achiever 232
- gasholder 129
- shagged 81
- steamroll 84
- cavalry 148
- coronary 136
- Pernicious 185
- BEING 156
- notch 123
- freckle 184
break break
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★
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verb 
/breɪk/
/breɪk/ | present tense | |
| I/you/we/they | break |
| he/she/it | breaks |
| present participle | breaking |
| past tense | broke |
| past participle | broken |
- 1[T]
to make something separate into two or more pieces, for example by hitting or dropping it 打破；折斷；打碎；使碎裂 break something in half/two etc :Break the spaghetti in half and put it into the boiling water. 把意大利式細面條掰成兩半，放進開水中。
Synonyms and related wordsTo break: break, fall apart, shatter...- a.[I] if something breaks, it becomes damaged and separates into pieces 破碎；破裂；斷Synonyms and related wordsTo break: break, fall apart, shatter...
- c.[I/T] if a piece of equipment breaks, or if you break it, it stops working correctly because a part of it is damaged （設備）出故障,損壞
We used to have a toaster, but it broke. 我們過去有個烤箱，但壞掉了。
Don't play with the camera – you'll break it. 别擺弄照相機了，你會把它弄壞的。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make a machine or piece of machinery stop working: break, brick, cannibalise...Synonyms and related words
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- 2[T] to fail to obey a rule or law 不遵守，違反（規則或法律）
If you break the speed limit, the penalties are severe. 如果你違章超速行駛，受到的處罰會很嚴厲。
break the law :I don't care what your reasons are. The fact is you're breaking the law. 我不管你有什麽理由。實際情況是你在違法。
Synonyms and related wordsTo fail to obey a rule, law or command: cross a line, break, defy...- a.to not do something that you promised or agreed to do 違背（諾言或協議）
They have started drilling for oil in the region, breaking an agreement made five years ago. 他們違背了5年前簽定的協議，開始在這個地區鑽井采油。
Elliot claims that his business partner broke her contract. 埃利奧特聲稱他的生意合夥人違約了。
Synonyms and related wordsTo not keep a promise: break, go back on, renege...
-
- 3[T] to make a hole or cut in the surface of something 弄破…的表面；割破
The dog bit his leg, but fortunately didn't break the skin. 狗咬了他的腿，但幸運的是沒有咬破皮。
Every so often a fish broke the still surface of the lake. 不時地有魚遊過,打破湖面的平靜。
Synonyms and related wordsTo break: break, fall apart, shatter... - 4[T] to destroy someone's confidence, determination, or happiness 破壞（信心、決心或幸福）；使垮掉
a campaign of violence and intimidation, that eventually broke the opposition's will 一場用暴力與威脅最終打垮對手意志的運動
break someone's spirit :Twenty years in prison had not broken his spirit. 20年的監禁並沒有打垮他的意志。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make someone feel disappointed or less hopeful: disappoint, let down, discourage...- a.[I] to lose your determination or confidence, especially when someone is deliberately trying to make this happen 垮掉；失去信心
She didn't break, even under hours of intense interrogation. 她甚至在幾個小時的嚴厲審問下也沒有垮掉。
Synonyms and related wordsTo lose hope, or to give up hope: give up on, despair, darken...
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- 5[I] if important news breaks, it becomes publicly known （消息）傳開
He was back in France when the news broke. 當消息傳開時他已回法國了。
For some days after the scandal broke, the press could find out nothing about him. 醜聞傳開後的一段日子裏，新聞界沒了解到他的任何情況。
Synonyms and related words- a.[T] to publish or broadcast a news story for the first time 首次發表；首次播出
The Daily Mirror broke the story on Christmas Eve. 《每日鏡報》在聖誕節前夕首次刊登了這篇報道。
Synonyms and related wordsTo publish something, or to be published: self-publish, publish, print...Synonyms and related wordsTo broadcast or be broadcast on television or radio: broadcast, report, give out... - b.[T] to tell someone bad news in a kind way 告訴（壞消息）
I didn't know how to break it to her. 我不知道如何把這件事告訴她。
Synonyms and related wordsTo tell someone something, or to give information: tell, deliver, report...
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- 6[I] to stop what you are doing for a short period of time 暫停
Why don't we break now and meet again tomorrow? 我們爲什麽不現在暫停一下，明天再碰頭？
break for :OK, let's break for lunch. 好吧，讓我們休息一會兒吃午飯吧。
Synonyms and related wordsTo stop doing something: stop, break off, give up... - 7[T] to stop a bad situation from continuing 終止；使不再繼續
Everyone must work together to break the cycle of violence. 人人都必須共同努力終止暴力的循環。
Their goal was to break the monopoly of the state telecoms corporation. 他們的目標是打破國營電信公司的壟斷。
break a deadlock (=end a situation in which no progress is being made) 打破僵局 :The meeting went on late into the night in an attempt to break the deadlock. 會議開到深夜，試圖能夠打破僵局。
break someone's hold/grip on something :They are determined to break the army's hold on power. 他們決心結束軍隊對權力的控制。
Synonyms and related wordsTo stop something from continuing or developing: interfere with, inhibit, disrupt...- a.to end your connection or relationship with someone 斷絕，中斷（關系）Synonyms and related wordsTo end a friendship or relationship: defriend, unfriend, break off...
- b.to end a quiet or calm period, for example by talking or making a noise 打破（寂靜或平靜）
Hardly a sound broke the sleepy summer silence. 幾乎沒有一點聲音打破夏日令人昏昏欲睡的寂靜。
The peaceful mood was broken by the blare of a police siren. 平靜的氣氛被刺耳的警笛聲所打破。
Synonyms and related wordsTo make a sound: sound, tap out, let out...
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- 8[I] when day breaks, it starts to get light in the morning 破曉
The day broke grey and dull. 破曉時天色灰暗陰沉。
Synonyms and related wordsThe coming of night and day: break, close in, night falls... - 9[I] if a storm breaks, it starts （暴風雨）來臨Synonyms and related words
- a.if the weather breaks, it changes unexpectedly, and usually becomes worse （天氣）突變
The long hot spell finally broke. 這一陣長時間的炎熱天氣終於過去了。
Synonyms and related wordsChanges in the weather: break, break through, brighten up...
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- 10[I] if a boy's voice breaks, it becomes deeper and he starts to sound like a man （男孩的嗓音）變粗，變聲Synonyms and related wordsWhat voices can do: break, choke, crack...
- a.if someone's voice breaks, they become unable to speak clearly, usually because they are upset （嗓音）突變Synonyms and related wordsWhat voices can do: break, choke, crack...
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- 11[I] if waves break, they reach their highest point and start to fall （波浪）落下，沖擊Synonyms and related wordsWhat liquids can do: break, burst, cast up...
- 12[T] if someone breaks a code (=a secret way of writing), they learn how to understand it 破譯（密碼）Synonyms and related wordsCodes and codification: alphanumeric, break, CAPTCHA...
- 13[I] mainly literary if someone's fever breaks, it starts to become less severe （熱度）降低；退燒Synonyms and related wordsTo get better after an illness: recovery, survive, recover...
phrases
- break your back
- break the back of something
- break the bank
- break cover
- break even
- break someone's fall
- break free
- break a habit
- break someone's heart
- break the ice
- break your journey
- break a leg
- break the mould
- break someone's neck
- break new ground
- break ranks
- break a record
- break someone's serve/service
- break the spell
- break a strike
- break wind
- something won't break the bank
phrasal verbs
See also
★
★
★
noun /breɪk/
/breɪk/ | singular | break |
| plural | breaks |
- 1[C] a short period of time when you stop what you are doing so that you can eat or rest 休息（時間）；間歇break from :
A short nap can provide a much needed break from daily stress. 小睡一會兒能夠提供日常緊張所需的休息。
have/take a break :We decided to take a short break. 我們決定休息一會兒。
a lunch/tea/coffee etc break :They usually went shopping in their lunch break. 他們通常利用午餐休息時間去購物。
Synonyms and related wordsGeneral words for rest and relaxation: relaxation, comfort, breathing space...- a.[C] [usually singular] a rest from the work or job that you usually do （工間）休息
I could do with a break (=I need one). 我需要休息一下。
break from :The art class is the only time I can get a break from the kids. 美術課是我唯一能躲開孩子們休息一下的時間。
have/take a break (from) :I decided to take a break from college and do some travelling. 我決定休學一段時間去旅行。
Synonyms and related wordsTime off from work: absenteeism, break, career break... - b.[C] a short holiday 短假期
a weekend break for two in Florence 佛羅倫薩周末雙人假期
Synonyms and related wordsTypes of holiday: activity holiday, adventure holiday, babymoon... - c.[C] [usually singular] British a period of time when most people do not go to work 假期
the Easter/Christmas break 複活節/聖誕假期
Synonyms and related wordsTime off from work: absenteeism, break, career break... - d.[U] education British a period of time between lessons when students and teachers can eat, rest, or play. The American word is recess 課間休息
They always play together during break. 他們課間休息時總在一起玩。
Synonyms and related wordsThe school or university day: after-school, assembly, break...
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- 2[C] a pause between television or radio programmes, especially when advertisements are broadcast （電視或廣播節目中的）間歇；（尤指）插播廣告的間歇
We'll be back after the break. 廣告之後我們再回來。
Synonyms and related wordsParts of television and radio programmes: action replay, break, clip...- a.[singular] British informal a pause in a sports match （體育比賽的）間歇，休息時間
the half-time break 中場休息
Synonyms and related words
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- 3[C] a time at which one thing ends completely and a new thing begins 突變；決裂；轉折期
Blair represented a decisive break after eighteen years of Conservative government. 布萊爾代表了保守黨政府執政18年後的一種決定性的轉折。
break with :a break with the past 與過去的決裂
make the break (=finally leave a job, relationship etc) 辭職；斷絕關系；決裂 :a story about a woman who makes the break from an abusive relationship 關於一個女子擺脫虐待關系的故事
Synonyms and related wordsPauses, intervals and halts: pause, interval, halt...See also
clean - 4[C] a space in something such as a line of traffic 空隙；空間Synonyms and related wordsSpace and amounts of space: accommodation, air pocket, break...
- 5[C] a place where something is broken 裂縫；破裂處
There was a small break at the corner of the frame. 在框架的角上有一條小裂縫。
Synonyms and related wordsSigns of damage: a blot on something, blemish, blight...- a.a place where a bone is broken 骨折處Synonyms and related wordsDescribing or relating to bones and joints: a clean break, arthritic, break...
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- 6[C] [usually singular] an opportunity that helps you to be successful 機會；機緣；好運
a lucky break 好運氣
Kiefer's big break came with the film Stand By Me. 影片《伴我同行》給基弗帶來了大紅大紫的機會。
Synonyms and related wordsOpportunities: opportunity, chance, choice... - 7[C] [usually singular] a sudden lack of control in someone's voice that shows they are upset （因難過而造成的嗓音）突變Synonyms and related wordsTone or quality of voice: break, cadence, croak...
- 9[C] in snooker or billiards, a period of time when a player continues to hit the ball successfully （斯諾克或台球戲的）一次連續得分，一杆得分Synonyms and related wordsSnooker, billiards and pool: baize, bar billiards, billiards...
- a.the number of points a player scores during this periodSynonyms and related wordsSnooker, billiards and pool: baize, bar billiards, billiards...
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noun¹
noun²
noun³
verb
verb
break noun
⇨ holiday 1 (Spring Break) ⇨ holiday 2 (a weekend break) ⇨ opportunity (a lucky break) ⇨ pause (a break in your routine) ⇨ rest 2 (a lunch break) break verb
⇨ break 1 (break a window/leg) ⇨ break 2 (a machine breaks) ⇨ break 3 (break the law) ⇨ break 4 (break a promise) ⇨ convey (break the news to sb) break 1 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿 a machine breaks 機器壞了 break the law 違反法律 break a promise 違背諾言 ➡ See also the entry for smash 另見smash條 break ♦︎ crack ♦︎ fracture ♦︎ snap These words all refer to sth being damaged as a result of force, usually so that it separates into two or more parts. 這些詞均表示打破、破裂、斷裂。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / crack / fracture a bone / rib ◆ to break / fracture your hip / jaw / wrist ◆ to crack / fracture your skull ◆ to break / crack a / an cup / egg / mirror ◆ a branch / cable / rope breaks / snaps ◆ a broken / cracked / fractured pipe ■ break (broke , broken [intransitive , transitive ] to damage sth or be damaged so that it separates into two or more parts, as a result of force （使）破，裂，碎 ◆ She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces .她把盤子掉在地上打碎了。 ◆ She fell off a ladder and broke her arm.她從梯子上掉下來，摔斷了胳膊。 ◆ I didn't mean to break the window.我不是故意打破窗玻璃的。 ◆ He broke the chocolate in two and gave me half.他把那塊巧克力一分爲二，給了我一半。 ◆ How did this dish get broken ?這只盤子是怎麽打破的？ ▸ breakage ˈbreɪkɪdʒ [countable , uncountable ] ◆ The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我們上次搬家時幾乎沒有什麽物品破損。 ◆ Wrap it up carefully to protect against breakage.把它包好，以免破損。 ■ crack [intransitive , transitive ] (of sth hard) to break so that lines appear in it, but without dividing into separate parts; to break sth in this way （使硬物）破裂，裂開，斷裂 ◆ The ice cracked as I stepped on it.我一踩冰就裂了。 ◆ The leather / mud / paint / plaster had cracked.皮革／泥／油漆／灰泥已開裂。 ◆ He has cracked a bone in his arm.他的手臂有一處骨裂。 ◆ Her lips were dry and cracked.她的嘴唇幹裂了。 ⓘ Less frequently, to crack can involve breaking into separate parts, if it is used with a preposition. * crack與介詞連用可表示打碎，此義較少用 ◆ She cracked an egg into the pan.她往鍋裏打了一個雞蛋。 crack ⇨ crack noun ■ fracture ˈfræktʃə(r) [intransitive , transitive ] (formal ) to break or crack; to make sth break or crack （使）斷裂，折斷，破裂 ◆ Cast iron is not only heavy, but likely to fracture.鑄鐵不僅重，還有可能斷裂。 ◆ A gas escape from a fractured pipe was the likely cause of the explosion.可能是從破裂的管道裏洩露的煤氣引發了爆炸。 ◆ He fell and fractured his skull.他跌倒摔裂了顱骨。 ▸ fracture [countable , uncountable ] ◆ She sustained two fractures to her leg.她的一條腿有兩處骨折。 ◆ Ground movements could cause fracture of the pipe.地層移動可能導致管道破裂。 NOTE 辨析 Any of these verbs can be used for bones; break or fracture but not crack can be used for joints. 這些動詞均可指骨折或骨裂。break和fracture可指關節部位的骨折，但crack不能 ◆ He cracked his hip/jaw/wrist. Only break can be used for arms and legs. 只有break可指手臂和腿骨折 ◆ She cracked/fractured her arm/leg. Fracture is the usual verb for talking about skulls (= the bone structure in the head) ; you can also use crack , but not break . 顱骨開裂通常用fracture，也可用crack，但不用break ◆ He fell and broke his skull. ■ snap (-pp- [intransitive , transitive ] to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break sth in this way （使喀嚓）斷裂，繃斷 ◆ Suddenly the rope snapped.繩子突然啪地繃斷了。 ◆ The wind had snapped the tree in two.風把樹喀嚓一聲刮斷了。 break 2 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿 a machine breaks 機器壞了 break the law 違反法律 break a promise 違背諾言 break ♦︎ fail ♦︎ break down ♦︎ go wrong ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go down These are all words that can be used when a machine stops working because of a fault. 這些詞均表示機器出故障、失靈。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a video / watch breaks / goes wrong ◆ a washing machine breaks down / goes wrong ◆ an engine fails / breaks down ◆ a computer goes wrong / crashes ◆ a system fails / crashes / goes down ■ break (broke , broken [intransitive , transitive ] (of a device or small machine) to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage a device or small machine and stop it from working （裝置或小型機器）損壞，壞掉；弄壞 ◆ My watch has broken.我的表壞了。 ◆ I think I've broken the video.我可能把錄像機弄壞了。 ■ fail [intransitive ] (of a system, part of a machine or system, or part of the body) to stop working （系統、機器或系統的一部分）出故障，失靈；（身體部位）出毛病 ◆ The air-conditioning system failed on the hottest day of the year.空調系統在一年裏最熱的那天癱瘓了。 ◆ The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill.我的自行車下山途中車閘失靈了。 ▸ failure [uncountable , countable ] ◆ patients suffering from heart / kidney failure心髒／腎衰竭的病人 ◆ A power failure plunged everything into darkness.停電使一切陷入黑暗。 ■ ˌbreak ˈdown (broke , broken (of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault （機器或車輛）出故障，壞掉 ◆ The washing machine has broken down again.洗衣機又壞了。 ◆ We (= our car) broke down on the motorway.我們的車在高速公路上抛錨了。 ▸ breakdown ˈbreɪkdaʊn ◆ a breakdown on the motorway在高速公路上抛錨 ■ ˌgo ˈwrong (goes , went , gone to stop working correctly 發生故障；出毛病 ◆ My watch keeps going wrong.我的手表老是出毛病。 ◆ The new television set will contain fewer components to go wrong.新電視機出故障的部件會更少。 ⓘ Machines, devices and parts inside machines and vehicles can go wrong ; whole vehicles cannot. * go wrong指機器、裝置或機器和車輛的零部件出毛病，車輛整體發生故障不能用go wrong ◆ The car has gone wrong again. If sth goes wrong , it may not stop working completely, as it does if it breaks or breaks down . * go wrong所指的故障未必使事物完全停止運轉，break或break down則指徹底壞掉。 ■ crash [intransitive , transitive ] (of a computer or computer system) to stop working suddenly; to make a computer or computer system stop working suddenly （使計算機或計算機系統）崩潰 ◆ Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.要是計算機系統突然崩潰，文件就可能丢失。 ▸ crash [countable ] ◆ A systems crash in the morning and a bomb scare in the afternoon provided enough excitement.上午的計算機系統崩潰和下午的炸彈恐嚇讓人受夠了刺激。 ■ ˌgo ˈdown (goes , went , gone [intransitive ] (of a computer system) to stop working temporarily （計算機系統）暫停運行 ◆ The system is going down in ten minutes.系統十分鐘後要暫停運行。 NOTE 辨析 crash and this is always sudden and unexpected; when a system goes down , it may have been turned off deliberately to prevent people from using it while work is carried out on it. * crash指單個計算機或整個系統意外地突然崩潰；go down指系統或許被故意關閉，以阻止執行工作時有人使用。 break 3 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿 a machine breaks 機器壞了 break the law 違反法律 break a promise 違背諾言 break ♦︎ breach ♦︎ infringe ♦︎ violate These words all mean to do sth that is against the law, an agreement or a principle. 這些詞均表示違反法律、協議或原則。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / breach / infringe a regulation ◆ to break / breach / violate a rule / law / treaty ◆ to break / infringe / violate a code ◆ to break / violate a ceasefire / truce ◆ to breach / infringe / violate copyright ◆ to breach / infringe / violate Article 12 of the treaty ■ break [transitive ] to do sth that is against the law or a rule or agreement 違反（法律、規定或協議） ◆ to break an agreement / a contract違反協議／合同 ◆ Would you be willing to break the law to achieve your goal?你願意爲達到目的而違反法律嗎？ ◆ They insist that they have not broken any rules.他們堅持說他們沒有違反任何規章。 ◆ He was breaking the speed limit (= driving faster than the law allows) .他違章超速行駛。 OPP obey ⇨ follow 3 ■ breach briːtʃ [transitive ] (formal ) to not keep an agreement; to not obey a rule or law 違背；違反；違犯 ◆ The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty.政府被控違反條約中的規定。 OPP comply ⇨ follow 3 ▸ breach [countable , uncountable ] ◆ a breach of contract / copyright / warranty違約；侵犯版權；違反保證 ◆ This action is in breach of Article 119 of the Constitution.該行爲觸犯了憲法第119條。 NOTE 辨析 Breach is more formal. You can breach a particular rule, but you would break 'the law' in general. 與break相比，breach較正式。特指違反某一規章可用breach，泛指違法則用break ◆ areas where EU limits were breached違反歐盟限制的地區 ◆ They are breaching the law and could be in serious trouble. People break laws . Either people or actions can breach rules . 表示人違法用break laws，人或行爲違背規章均可用breach rules。 ■ infringe ɪnˈfrɪndʒ [transitive , intransitive ] (formal ) (of an action or plan) to break a law; to limit sb's legal rights （行動或計劃）違法；侵犯，侵害（合法權益） ◆ The material can be copied without infringing copyright.這份材料可以複制，不會侵犯版權。 ◆ They said that compulsory identity cards would infringe civil liberties.他們說強制辦理身份證會侵犯公民自由。 ◆ She refused to answer questions that infringed on her private affairs.她拒絕回答侵犯她隐私的問題。 ▸ infringement [uncountable , countable ] ◆ copyright infringement對版權的侵犯 ◆ an infringement of his personal liberty對他的人身自由的侵犯 ■ violate ˈvaɪəleɪt [transitive ] (formal ) to refuse to obey or keep a law, principle or agreement; to disturb or not respect sb's peace or privacy 違反，違犯，違背（法律、原則或協議）；攪擾；侵犯（隐私） ◆ The directive violates fundamental human rights.該指令違反基本人權。 ◆ She accused press photographers of violating her privacy.她指責新聞攝影記者侵犯了她的隐私。 OPP respect ⇨ follow 3 invade ⇨ interfere ▸ violation [countable , uncountable ] ◆ gross violations of human rights對人權的粗暴踐踏 ◆ They were in open violation of the treaty.他們公然違反條約。 NOTE 辨析 Violate often describes actions that are not just illegal, but morally wrong. Infringe can be about sb's personal rights, but it is not as strong as violate , which is more about universal human rights. * violate所描述的行爲常常不僅是非法的，還是不道德的。infringe可以指侵犯個人權利，但不如violate強烈，violate更多指侵犯普世人權。 break 4 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿 a machine breaks 機器壞了 break the law 違反法律 break a promise 違背諾言 break ♦︎ withdraw ♦︎ do a U-turn ♦︎ retract ♦︎ recant ♦︎ take sth back ♦︎ backtrack ♦︎ go back on sth These words all mean to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise. 這些詞均表示改變、撤回原先的聲明、觀點或承諾。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / withdraw / go back on a promise ◆ to break / go back on your word / an agreement ◆ to withdraw / retract a / an claim / allegation / confession ■ break [transitive ] to not keep a promise or agreement 違背（諾言或協議） ◆ I've never broken my word; why should I do it now?我從未食言過，爲什麽現在要這麽做？ ◆ She has already broken three appointments (= not gone to them) .她已經爽約三次了。 OPP keep ⇨ keep 5 ■ withdraw wɪðˈdrɔː, wɪθˈdrɔː (withdrew , withdrawn [transitive ] (formal ) to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true 收回，撤回，撤銷（說過的話） ◆ The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.這家報紙第二天收回了那些說法。 ■ ˌdo a ˈU-turn (informal , especially journalism 尤用於新聞 ) to make a complete change in policy or behaviour, usually one that is embarrassing （在政策或行爲上）作出（令人尴尬的）徹底轉變 ◆ The Prime Minister may be forced to do another humiliating U-turn on Europe.首相在歐洲政策上也許再一次被迫做出不光彩的180度大轉變。 ⓘ Do a U-turn doing a U-turn is seen as being an embarrassing experience, it is usually used with verbs such as have to and be forced to . * do a U-turn最常出現在與政治和商業相關的語境裏。由於do a U-turn被視作令人尴尬的做法，故通常與have to、be forced to等動詞連用。 U-turn ⇨ revolution 2 ■ retract rɪˈtrækt [transitive ] (formal ) to say that sth you said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it 撤銷，收回（說過的話） ◆ He made a false confession which he later retracted.他作了假供詞，後來又翻供。 retraction ⇨ denial NOTE 辨析 In many cases you can use either word. 在許多情況下這兩個詞可以通用 ◆ to withdraw / retract a claim / an allegation / a confession撤銷聲明／說法／供詞 However, retract is used more often when sb has been forced to say sth (like a false confession ) that they did not really mean and wish to give their true opinion; withdraw is used more often when sb has made a claim or accusation against sb that they cannot prove, and is forced to admit that it is not true. 不過，某人被迫說了本意不想說的話（如假供詞），但希望能說出真實的看法時較常用retract；某人作出了針對他人未經證實的斷言或指控，被迫承認所言非實時較常用withdraw。 ■ recant rɪˈkænt [transitive , intransitive ] (formal ) (especially in the past) to say publicly that you no longer have the same belief or opinion （尤指舊時）公開宣布放棄（原先的信仰或觀點） ◆ In 1633 he was forced to recant his assertion that the earth orbited the sun.他在1633年被迫公開宣布放棄地球圍繞太陽運轉的斷言。 ■ ˌtake sth ˈback (took , taken (informal , spoken ) to admit that sth you said was wrong or that you should not have said it 收回，撤回（說過的不當的話） ◆ OK, I take it all back!好吧，我把我說過的話統統收回！ ⓘ Take sth back Would you like to take that back? (said to sb who has just offended the speaker), Can I take that back? or I take it (all) back . * take sth back最常用於口語表達，如Would you like to take that back?（你願意收回那句話嗎？）；Can I take that back?（我可以收回那句話嗎？）；I take it (all) back.（我把我說過的話（統統）收回。） ■ backtrack ˈbæktræk [intransitive ] (especially business 尤用於商業 or politics 政治 ) to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from sb/sth （屈於壓力而）改變聲明（或主張），出爾反爾；退縮 ◆ The trade unions have had to backtrack on their main demand.工會不得不改變了主要的訴求。 ■ ˌgo ˈback on sth (goes , sent , gone (informal ) to fail to keep a promise; to change your mind about sth 違背承諾；食言；改變主意 ◆ They have no intention of going back on any of their commitments.他們無意背棄他們作出的任何承諾。
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