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TOEFL BNC: 1554 COCA: 2270
reduction
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noun /rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/
singularreduction
pluralreductions
  1. 1
    [C/U] the process or result of making something smaller or less in amount, size, importance etc 降低；減少；縮小
    reduction in :

    There has been a dramatic reduction in the birth rate. 出生率已大大降低。

    reduction of :

    The treaty committed each side to a reduction of 30 per cent in its stock of weapons. 條約承諾各方削減30%的武器儲備。

     Synonyms and related words
    Rates of decrease and the process of decreasing: decrease, reduction, decline...
    Collocates: reduction
    Adjectives frequently used with reduction
    ▪  considerable, dramatic, drastic, large, marked, sharp, significant, slight, small, substantial
  2. 2
    [C] the amount by which the price of something is reduced 降價

    We are offering special price reductions on computers this month. 本月我們的計算機將有特價優惠。

    reduction for :

    £50 reduction for all guests staying 14 nights in June 爲6月份中所有住滿14晚的客人提供的減免50英鎊的優惠

     Synonyms and related words
    Discounts and price reductions: discount, reduction, special offer...
  3. 3
    [C] a copy of a photograph, picture etc that is smaller than the original （照片、圖畫等的）縮圖，縮版
     Synonyms and related words
    Originals and copies of things: original, copy, transcript...
  4. 4
    [C/U] chemistry a chemical reaction that produces an increase in hydrogen or a loss of oxygen
     Synonyms and related words
    Chemical reactions and processes: action, adsorb, aerate...
TOEFL BNC: 1554 COCA: 2270
reduction

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + REDUCTION | REDUCTION + VERB | REDUCTION + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤big, considerable, great, large, major, marked, significant, substantial大量縮減；大幅減少；顯著降低◇The changes may result in a greater reduction in employee numbers than we had previously expected.這些變動可能導致超出我們預期的更多僱員的裁減。➤dramatic, drastic, huge, massive, remarkable, severe急劇下降；銳減；大量減少；明顯減少；嚴重減少◇a sale with massive reductions on selected items指定商品的大幅降價銷售➤minor, modest, slight, small小幅降低；適度減少；稍稍減少；少量縮減➤tenfold, fiftyfold, etc.減少為（原來的）十分之一、五十分之一等▸➤further進一步減少▸➤possible可能的減少▸➤actual, net, overall, real實際縮減；淨減少；總減少▸➤across-the-board, general全面減少；總體上縮減▸➤rapid, sharp, steep迅速減少；急劇縮減▸➤slow緩慢減少▸➤immediate, sudden立即／突然減少▸➤gradual, progressive, steady逐步減少；穩步減少▸➤initial初步減少▸➤recent近期減少▸➤long-term, permanent長期縮減▸➤proposed提議的縮減▸➤percentage百分比降幅◇A small percentage reduction in the cost of materials would mean a significant increase in profit.材料成本的小幅降低會帶來利潤的大幅提高。➤cost, debt, deficit, pay, price, tariff, tax, wage成本降低；債務減少；赤字削減；薪金削減；價格降低；關稅降低；稅額減少；工資降低▸➤emission, noise, pollution, waste排放物減少；噪音降低；污染減少；廢物減少➤harm, pain, risk, stress傷害減輕；疼痛減輕；風險減少；壓力減少◇a drug strategy which prioritizes harm reduction以減輕傷害為先的用藥方案➤poverty減貧◇The IMF claims to put poverty reduction at the heart of its policies.國際貨幣基金組織聲稱，減貧是其各項政策的核心。➤size, weight尺寸減少；重量下降◇The result is a 75 to 80% size reduction.結果是尺寸減少了 75% 至 80%。➤breast乳房縮小◇She had a breast reduction last year.去年她做了個縮胸手術。➤staff人員裁減▸➤arms, troop武器／軍隊裁減VERB + REDUCTION➤achieve, make, secure實現縮減◇The government has found it difficult to make real reductions in spending.政府發現要真正縮減開支很困難。◇Every effort is made to secure the highest possible reduction in casualties.採取了一切措施最大限度地減少傷亡人數。➤cause, lead to, make, produce, result in造成降低；導致減少；引起縮減◇These simple changes will make a substantial reduction in the fat content of your diet.這些小小的改變會大大減少你飲食中的脂肪含量。➤avoid避免減少▸➤ask for, demand, seek要求降低；請求縮減◇I asked for a reduction as the dress was damaged.裙子有點兒毛病，因此我要求降價。➤require要求減少▸➤get, receive得以減少◇Guests staying 14 nights will receive a 10% reduction.入住 14 天的客人可享有 10% 的優惠。➤experience, have減少◇The company has had a reduction in sales.公司的銷售額減少了。➤suffer遭到縮減◇They suffered a severe reduction in income.他們的收入銳減。➤accept, welcome (especially BrE) 接受／歡迎縮減◇I welcome the reduction in road traffic fatalities.我樂於看到道路交通事故死亡人數的下降。➤give (sb), offer (sb)給予（某人）縮減▸➤propose建議削減◇She proposed a reduction in the state president's powers.她建議削減總統的權力。➤notice, observe, see注意到減少；看到降低◇Police said they had noticed a significant reduction in crime last year.警方說他們注意到去年的犯罪率大幅下降。➤announce宣佈削減◇The gas company has announced price reductions for all customers.煤氣公司已宣佈對所有顧客給以降價。➤mean, represent意味着／相當於減少◇Our average margins dropped to 35%, which represents a reduction in gross margins of £109 million.我們的平均利潤率降到了 35%，這意味着毛利減少了 1.09 億英鎊。➤demonstrate, show顯示下降◇Figures just released show a steady reduction in levels of emissions over the last four years.剛剛公佈的數字顯示，近 4 年的廢氣排放量在逐步降低。REDUCTION + VERB➤occur, take place降低出現；減少發生REDUCTION + NOUN➤target減少⋯的目標◇the government's waste reduction targets政府減少浪費的目標PREPOSITION➤through a/the reduction通過降低◇economic growth through a reduction in interest rates通過降低利率促進經濟增長➤reduction by⋯的降幅◇reduction by 30%減少 30%➤reduction from, reduction in從⋯的減少；在⋯方面的降低◇There has been a sharp reduction in the number of accidents on our roads.我們的交通事故銳減。➤reduction of⋯的減少◇a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions二氧化碳排放的減少➤reduction on按⋯計算的減少◇a 25% reduction on normal subscription rates相比正常訂閱費 25% 的降幅➤reduction to至⋯的減少◇a reduction in the speed limit from 50 to 40 miles per hour速度限制從每小時 50 英裏減至每小時 40 英裏PHRASES➤a reduction in numbers數量降低◇Asian elephants have experienced a 50% reduction in numbers over the last three generations.在過去的 3 代人之間，亞洲象的數量減少了一半。◇They are concerned about the reduction in numbers of people eligible for legal aid.有資格接受法律援助的人數減少，他們對此頗為關注。➤a reduction in the amount of sth, a reduction in the number of sth, a reduction in the size of sth⋯數量／數目／尺寸的減少◇the reduction in the number of hospital beds醫院牀位的減少
TOEFL BNC: 1554 COCA: 2270
reduction

noun

reduction ♦︎ cut ♦︎ decline ♦︎ fall ♦︎ drop ♦︎ downturn ♦︎ decrease ♦︎ slump ♦︎ cutbackThese are all words for a situation when the amount, level, number or size of sth goes down. 這些詞均表示減少、縮小、降低。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump / cutback in sth◆a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease / cutback of 20%◆a 20% reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease in sth◆(a) sharp reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump / cutbacks◆(a) large / significant reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / cutbacks◆(a) big / huge / massive / major reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / slump / cutbacks◆(a) dramatic reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / slump◆(a) drastic reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / cutbacks◆a sudden reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump◆a slight reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease◆to lead to / result in / cause a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease◆to see a reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease◆to make reductions / cuts / cutbacks■ reduction [countable, uncountable] an act of making sth less or smaller; the state of being made less or smaller 減少；縮小；降低◆This year has seen a 33% reduction in the number of hospital beds available.今年醫院可用床位數量減少了33%。◆The report recommends further reductions in air and noise emissions.這份報告建議進一步降低有害氣體和噪音排放量。◆There are reductions (= in the price) for children sharing a room with two adults.孩子和兩個大人合住一間房可以打折。◆There has been some reduction in unemployment.失業人數有所減少。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun ■ cut [countable] a reduction that is made in the amount, size or supply of sth （數量、尺寸或供應的）削減，減少，縮減◆They had to take a 20% cut in pay.他們不得不接受減薪20%。◆The company has announced a new round of job cuts.公司宣布了新一輪工作崗位的削減。◆The proposed tax cuts will come into effect next May.減稅提議將於明年5月生效。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun   see also cut ⇨ cut verb 1 , lay-off ⇨ unemployment NOTE 辨析 Reduction or cut? Reduction can be used for things that become less or smaller by themselves, or things that are reduced deliberately by sb. A cut cannot happen by itself－it has to be made by sb. A cut is often (but not always) a negative thing. * reduction可指事物自行或被人爲變少或變小。cut不指自行減少，只指人爲減少。cut經常是（但並非總是）負面的◆job / salary / pay cuts裁員；減薪A cut cannot happen over time. A reduction can. * cut不指持續遞減，而reduction可以◆a gradual reduction逐漸的減少◆a gradual cut ■ decline [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a continuous reduction that happens in the number, value or quality of sth; the process of a place, tradition or institution gradually becoming less important or coming to an end （數量、價值或質量的）減少，下降；（地方、傳統或機構的）衰落，衰退◆These measures have failed to reverse the country's economic decline.這些措施未能扭轉該國的經濟衰退。◆His book charts the decline and fall of a great civilization.他在書中記載了一個偉大文明的衰亡。◆The town fell into (a) decline (= started to be less busy, important, etc.) after the mine closed.這個鎮在礦井關閉後開始蕭條。◆Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s.英國工業自20世紀70年代以來一直在走下坡路。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun   see also decline ⇨ fall verb 1 , decline ⇨ worsen verb ■ fall [countable] (especially business 尤用於商業) a reduction that happens in the size, number, rate or level of sth （尺寸）減小；（數量）減少；（比率或水平）降低◆Share prices suffered a slight fall yesterday.股票價格昨日微幅下挫。◆This figure represents a fall of 23% on the same period last year.這一數據與去年同期相比下降了23%。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun   see also fall ⇨ fall verb 1 ■ drop [countable, usually singular] (especially journalism 尤用於新聞) a reduction that happens in the size, number, rate or level of sth （尺寸）減小；（數量）減少；（比率或水平）降低◆If you want the job, you must be prepared to take a drop in salary.如果你想幹這份工作，就必須對薪水減少做好思想準備。◆The restaurant has suffered a 10% drop in trade.餐廳的生意下降了10%。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun   see also drop ⇨ fall verb 1 NOTE 辨析 Decline, fall or drop?These words all describe a process that happens, rather than a deliberate action by sb. Decline tends to emphasize the process, whether this is fast or slow. 這些詞均指自然發生的情況，而不是某人有意所爲。decline往往強調衰落的過程，不論快慢◆a steady / sharp decline in profits利潤穩步／急劇下降◆a civilization in terminal decline處於衰亡期的文明 Fall and drop tend to emphasize the result of the process. * fall和drop往往強調這一過程的結果◆a fall / drop of 30%30%的下降A fall, like a decline, can happen over time, but a drop cannot. * fall和decline一樣可指持續遞減，但drop不能◆a gradual decline / fall逐步下降◆a gradual drop ■ downturn ˈdaʊntɜːn; NAmE ˈdaʊntɜːrn [countable, usually singular] a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker （生意或經濟的）衰退，下降；衰退期◆The building industry is experiencing a severe downturn in its workload.建築業正經歷工程量的嚴重滑坡。OPP upturn ⇨ increase noun ■ decrease ˈdiːkriːs [countable, uncountable] a reduction that happens in the amount, level or number of sth （數量）減少；（水平）降低◆There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.參觀該博物館的人數下降了近6%。◆Marriage is still on the decrease.結婚率仍在下降。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun   see also decrease ⇨ fall verb 1 ⓘ Decrease looks like the most direct opposite of increase, but it is not nearly as frequent as increase. For deliberate reductions, use reduction or cut. For reductions that happen, fall or drop are often preferred, especially in business contexts. * decrease看起來像是increase最直接的反義詞，但它遠不如increase常用。表示人爲的降低用reduction或cut；表示自然發生的降低往往用fall或drop，特别是在商務語境中。■ slump [countable] a sudden fall in sales, prices or the value of sth （銷售量、價格或價值的）驟降，猛跌，銳減◆The recession led to a slump in consumer spending.經濟衰退導致消費開支急劇下滑。◆The present slump has hit manufacturing hard.目前的金融危機嚴重打擊了制造業。  see also slump ⇨ recession noun , slump ⇨ slump verb NOTE 辨析 Downturn or slump?Both words can be used in the context of business or the economy. 這兩個詞均可用於商務或經濟語境◆a downturn / slump in demand / trade / business / profits需求／貿易額／生意／利潤下滑／驟降However, a slump is a bigger and more sudden fall, usually seen from the point of view of the business that is losing money. 不過，slump是更嚴重、更突然的下降，一般是從虧損企業的角度看。 ■ cutback ˈkʌtbæk [countable, usually plural] a reduction that is made in sth, especially money spent, people employed or benefits （尤指支出、僱員人數或福利的）削減，縮減，減少◆Many theatres are having to make major cutbacks.許多劇場不得不大幅削減開支。  see also cut sth back ⇨ cut 1

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