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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty
noun [C] /ˈpen(ə)lti/
singularpenalty
pluralpenalties
  1. 1
    a punishment for breaking a rule or law 处罚;刑罚;惩罚
    penalty for :

    The maximum penalty for the offence is two years' imprisonment. 此种罪行的最高刑罚是两年监禁。

    severe/heavy/stiff/tough penalties :

    There are severe penalties for companies who breach environmental laws. 违反环境法规的公司将受到严厉惩处。

    Under the law the president is able to impose tough penalties. 依照法律,总统可以施行严厉的处罚。

    carry a penalty :

    The crime carries a much heavier penalty in the US. 这种罪行在美国受到的惩罚要重得多。

     Synonyms and related words
    General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
    1. a.
      a punishment for breaking a rule in a game, sport, or activity (游戏、运动或活动中的)判罚,处罚

      Riders can incur time penalties for failing to keep to their lane. 骑手们如果偏离跑道将被罚时。

       Synonyms and related words
      General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
  2. 2
    something bad that happens to you because of your behaviour or position in society (由于自身行为或社会处境造成的)恶果,不利之处
    penalty of/for :

    Increased risk of skin cancer is one of the penalties of sunbathing. 日光浴的坏处之一就是增加了患皮肤癌的风险。

    pay the penalty (for something) (=to suffer because of your behaviour) (因某事而)受苦,受损害 :

    Some growers are paying the penalty for not watering crops sufficiently in hot weather. 有一些种植者因为在天气炎热的时候没给庄稼浇足够的水而自食恶果。

     Synonyms and related words
    General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
  3. 3
    in football, rugby, and similar sports, a chance to score a goal or point without other players trying to take the ball off you. This is given to you because an opponent has broken a rule (足球、橄榄球及类似运动中的)罚球

    They scored from a penalty awarded when Jenkins handled the ball. 詹金斯手球犯规,结果他们罚球命中得分。

    take a penalty :

    The skipper told me I had to take the penalty and I was delighted.

    miss a penalty :

    Southgate missed a penalty that would have won them the match. 索斯盖特罚失了一粒本可令他们获胜的点球。

    kick a penalty (=in rugby) (橄榄球运动中)踢出罚球 :

    Fox kicked a last-minute penalty to give the All-Blacks a sensational victory. 福克斯最后一分钟罚球命中,使“全黑人”队取得了一次精彩的胜利。

     Synonyms and related words
    Actions in playing games or sports: backhand, backhander, ball...

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