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BNC: 3031 COCA: 3110
punishment

noun

punishment ♦︎ sentence ♦︎ penalty ♦︎ retribution ♦︎ reckoningThese are all words for a way of making sb suffer because they have done sth wrong or illegal. 这些词均表示惩罚、刑罚。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆punishment / a sentence / a penalty / retribution for sth◆a / an heavy / harsh / severe / appropriate punishment / sentence / penalty◆a light punishment / sentence◆to impose a punishment / sentence / penalty◆to suffer a punishment / penalty■ punishment [uncountable, countable] an act or way of making sb suffer because they have done sth wrong or illegal 惩罚；处罚；刑罚◆The punishment should fit the crime.罚须当罪。◆He was sent to his room as a punishment.他被罚回到自己的房间。◆There is little evidence that harsher punishments deter people.甚少证据显示严惩能遏止犯罪。OPP reward ⇨ award ■ sentence [countable, uncountable] the punishment given by a court 判决；裁定；判刑◆a jail / prison sentence判处监禁◆She was given a life sentence (= sent to prison for life).她被判处无期徒刑。◆a death sentence死刑◆to be under sentence of death被判处死刑◆The judge passed sentence (= said what the punishment would be).法官宣布了判决。◆The prisoner has served (= completed) his sentence and will be released tomorrow.犯人服刑期满，明天将获释。■ penalty ˈpenəlti [countable] (rather formal) an official punishment given to sb because they have broken a law, rule or contract 惩罚；处罚；刑罚◆Assault carries a maximum penalty of seven years' imprisonment.侵犯人身罪可判处最高七年的监禁。◆Contractors who fall behind schedule incur heavy financial penalties.承包商如延误工期将招致巨额罚款。◆You can withdraw money from the account at any time without penalty.您可以随时从账户中提款，不收罚金。OPP reward ⇨ award ■ retribution ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn [uncountable] (formal) severe punishment for sth seriously wrong that sb has done 严惩；惩罚；报应◆He saw his suffering as retribution for the sins of his past life.他把自己受的苦看作是报应，是因过去罪孽深重而受到惩罚。◆The public demanded swift justice and retribution.公众要求立即审判并处以严惩。ⓘ Retribution includes the idea that punishment should mean that sb suffers in return for the suffering they have caused. People talk about retribution as part of a formal or legal system, or as carried out by groups or individuals, or (in the phrase divine retribution) by God. * retribution含有“报应”之义。retribution可以是正式或法律体系的一部分，也可以是由团体或个人实施的惩罚，还可以是divine retribution（天谴）。  ➡ See also the entry for revenge 另见revenge条■ reckoning [countable, usually singular, uncountable] (written) a time when sb's actions will be judged to be right or wrong and they may be punished 最后审判日；算总账◆In the final reckoning truth is rewarded.在最后算总账的时候，诚实的人会有好报。◆Officials concerned with environmental policy predict that a day of reckoning will come.关心环境政策的官员们预言总有一天人们会得到报应。

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