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TOEFL BNC: 1135 COCA: 1741
hardly
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adverb /ˈhɑː(r)dli/
Hardly is a negative word and is often used with words like ‘any' and ‘ever', but it should not be used with other negative words: hardly是个表示否定的词, 常与any, ever 等词连用，但不能与其他否定词连用: We hardly ever do anything interesting. 我们几乎没有做什么有趣的事。
Hardly comes before the main verb of a sentence, but when there is a modal or auxiliary verb, hardly usually comes after it: hardly用在句子的主要动词之前，但如果句中有情态动词或助动词时, hardly 通常跟在其后: I can hardly breathe. 我几乎不能呼吸。 You have hardly done any work. 你几乎没做任何事情。
In stories and in formal English, hardly is sometimes used at the beginning of a sentence before an auxiliary verb: 在故事里和在正式英语中, hardly 有时居于句首，用在情态动词之前: Hardly had she begun to speak, when there was a shout from the back of the hall. 她才刚刚开始讲话，礼堂后面就传来一声喊叫。
Hardly is not related to the word ‘hard'. hardly 与单词hard 没有关系。
  1. 1
    used for saying that something is almost not true or almost does not happen at all 几乎不；几乎没

    He hardly spoke except to say hello. 他除了打招呼以外几乎没讲话。

    Alice was so busy she hardly noticed the days pass by. 艾丽斯太忙了，几乎注意不到日子在一天天地过去。

    can hardly do something :

    We could hardly afford to pay the rent. 我们几乎付不起房租。

    hardly...at all :

    The countryside around Stowe has hardly changed at all. 斯托周围的农村几乎没什么改变。

     Synonyms and related words
    Almost and almost not: almost, nearly, hardly...
    1. a.
      used before words such as ‘ever', ‘any', ‘anyone', or ‘anything' to mean ‘almost never', ‘almost none', ‘almost no one' etc （ 用在ever, any, anyone, anything 之类的词前表示“几乎从不”, “很少”, “几乎没有”等）

      There was hardly any wind, just a slight breeze. 几乎没有什么风，只有一丝微风。

      You've hardly eaten anything. 你几乎什么东西都没吃。

      Hardly anyone believed the fugitives' story. 几乎没人相信这些难民的话。

      It hardly ever rains here in the summer. 这儿夏天几乎从不下雨。

       Synonyms and related words
      Almost and almost not: almost, nearly, hardly...
    2. b.
      used for saying that something is very little more or less than something 差不多；大约

      The region's wine industry is hardly more than 40 years old. 这一地区的酿酒业差不多有40年的历史了。

      London is hardly an hour by train. 去伦敦大约要坐一个小时的火车。

       Synonyms and related words
      Almost and almost not: almost, nearly, hardly...
  2. 2
    used for saying that something had only just happened when something else happened 刚…就…

    She had hardly arrived when she started talking about leaving again. 她刚到就开始讲要再离开的事。

    hardly had...than/when :

    Hardly had the men started training than they were sent into battle. 这些士兵刚开始接受训练就被送到战场上。

     Synonyms and related words
    After another event or time: after, following, since...
  3. 3
    used when you think it is obvious that something is not true, not possible, not surprising etc 不（真实）；不（可能）；不（诧异）

    It's hardly surprising that people are starting to complain. 人们开始抱怨了，这是意料之中的。

    David's almost twenty-four – hardly a child. 大卫快24岁了，不是孩子了。

    This is hardly the time to start discussing finances. 现在不是开始讨论资金问题的时候。

    you can hardly expect/blame etc (=it would not be reasonable to expect, blame etc) 不应指望/指责等 :

    You can hardly expect Myra to welcome you back after the way you've treated her. 你曾那样对待迈拉，所以不要指望她会欢迎你回去。

     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of emphasizing that something is not true or likely: hardly, scarcely, actually...
     Synonyms and related words
    Not possible: impossible, unbelievable, no-go...
  4. 4
    British spoken used for answering ‘no', when you think someone has suggested something that is impossible （当回答某件觉得不可能的事时）不

    ‘Are you hung over?' ‘Hardly! I don't even drink!' “你是宿醉未醒还在难受吧？”“哪里！我根本就没喝酒！”

     Synonyms and related words
    Ways of saying no: no, certainly not, by no means...
TOEFL BNC: 1135 COCA: 1741
TOEFL BNC: 1135 COCA: 1741
hardly adv.
⇨ hardly ever ⇨ rarely

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