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TOEFL BNC: 391 COCA: 320
understand
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verb [never progressive] /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstænd/
present tense
I/you/we/theyunderstand
he/she/itunderstands
present participleunderstanding
past tenseunderstood
past participleunderstood
  1. 1
    [I/T] to know what someone or something means 理解；懂得；明白

    If you don't understand, just put your hand up. 如果你們不懂，就請舉手。

    The instructions were difficult to understand. 這些指令很難懂。

    I don't understand a word you're saying. 你說的我一個字也聽不懂。

    Luke nodded as if he understood perfectly. 盧克點點頭，似乎完全明白了。

    understand what/where/whether etc :

    I don't quite understand where you want me to put it. 我不太明白你要我把它放在什麽地方。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something: understand, know, work out...
    1. a.
      to know what something spoken or written in a particular language means 懂（某種語言）

      I'm sorry, I don't understand French. 對不起，我不懂法語。

       Synonyms and related words
      To understand something: understand, know, work out...
  2. 2
    [I/T] to know how or why something happens, or what effect or influence something has 了解；認識到；意識到

    Do they fully understand the implications of their decision? 他們完全認識到自己所作決定的含意了嗎？

    understand how/why/what etc :

    We are only beginning to understand how the brain functions. 我們才開始了解大腦是怎樣工作的。

    understand (that) :

    Please try to understand that we want the best for you. 你要知道我們都是爲你好。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something: understand, know, work out...
  3. 3
    [I/T] to know how someone feels or why someone does something, as a result of experience or by imagining what it must be like to be them 了解，理解（某人的感受或動機）

    He says his wife doesn't understand him. 他說他的妻子不理解他。

    I understand your concern, but the operation is completely safe. 我了解你擔心什麽，但手術是完全沒有危險的。

    I can understand your reluctance to talk about what happened. 我能理解你爲什麽不願談發生的一切。

    understand how/why/what :

    Does she understand why he doesn't want to see her? 她明白他爲什麽不想見她嗎？

    understand someone/someone's doing something :

    I can understand him not inviting Joan (=understand why he does not invite her). 我能理解他爲什麽沒邀請瓊。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something: understand, know, work out...
  4. 4
    [T] formal to believe that something is true because you have heard or read it somewhere 聽說；得知；獲悉
    understand (that) :

    We understand that a major announcement is to be made tomorrow. 我們聽說明天有重要消息要宣布。

    be understood to do something :

    Mr Lang is understood to favour more traditional teaching methods. 據悉蘭先生喜歡使用更傳統的教學方法。

    it is understood that :

    It is understood that £2.5 million has been set aside to develop the scheme. 據說已留出250萬英鎊來發展該計劃。

     Synonyms and related words
    To believe or accept that something is true or exists: think, believe in, suppose...
  5. 5
    [T] [usually passive] to recognize that a word or phrase is missing in a sentence and that you have to imagine that it is there 省略

    The object of the verb is understood with words such as ‘to smoke' and ‘to read'. 諸如 to smoke 和to read 等動詞的賓語都省略了。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something or someone in a particular way: make out, interpret, perceive...
Metaphor: understand
Understanding something is like seeing it. If it is easy to understand, it is easy to see. 理解某事物就像看見（seeing）某事物。如果容易理解，也就容易看見。
  • I see what you mean. 我明白你的意思。
  • I saw through him at once: I knew he was lying. 我一下就看穿了他：我知道他在撒謊。
  • They recognized the fact that they needed to improve. 他們意識到他們需要改進。
  • She has great insight and will know what to do. 她有很強的洞察力，知道該怎麽做。
  • I could not foresee what would happen. 我無法預見將會發生什麽。
  • He's very clear-sighted. 他很有眼力。
  • There was a change in the public perception of education. 公衆的教育觀念發生了變化。
  • The answer is very obvious. 答案非常明顯。
  • I'm unclear about what they did next. 我不清楚他們接下來幹了什麽。
  • She had a clear understanding of what was involved. 她很清楚其中涉及了什麽事。
  • Their motives are transparent. 他們的動機顯而易見。
  • How did you know? You must have read my mind. 你怎麽知道的？你一定是看穿了我的心思。
  • I can read him like a book. 我能看透他的心思。
  • They turned a blind eye to what was happening there. 他們假裝沒看見那兒正在發生的事情。
Understanding something is like holding or touching it. 理解某事物就像握住(holding)或觸摸(touching)某事物。
  • She has a good grasp of Japanese. 她精通日語。
  • I need to get to grips with the subject. 我需要開始對付這個問題了。
  • I'm still grappling with the basics. 我仍在努力解決基本性的問題。
  • I couldn't put my finger on it, but there was definitely something wrong. 我不能準確地指出來，但肯定是有問題。
  • You've certainly got your finger on the pulse. 你的消息確實很靈通。
  • Such abstract concepts can be very slippery. 這些抽象的概念會很難把握。
  • It's quite a difficult idea to get hold of. 這是個很難理解的想法。
➡  intelligence, knowledge, mind, opinion
TOEFL BNC: 391 COCA: 320
understand

verb

ADVERB | VERB + UNDERSTAND | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤clearly, well清楚地／很好地理解▸➤completely, fully, perfectly, quite, thoroughly, totally, truly充分理解；完全理解；相當理解；徹底理解；真正理解◇I fully understand the reason for your decision.我完全理解你作出這一決定的理由。➤better更好地理解◇These categories help us to better understand our readers.這些類別有助於我們更好地理解我們的讀者。➤not really, not truly不十分理解；沒有真正理解◇Her actions wounded him in a way he did not really understand.她的行為傷害了他，但他也不太明白是如何傷害的。➤not necessarily不一定理解◇They won't necessarily understand the pros and cons of the matter.他們不一定理解這件事的利與弊。➤not entirely, partially不完全／部份理解◇a complex topic which I only partially understand一個我只能部份理解的複雜話題➤barely, hardly幾乎不能理解◇I could barely understand a word of his story.他的故事我幾乎一個字都沒聽懂。➤adequately充分理解▸➤accurately, correctly, precisely, properly, rightly準確地／正確地／精確地／恰當地／確切地理解◇If I've understood you correctly...如果我對你的話理解得沒錯⋯➤easily, readily容易理解；易於明白◇The reasons for this decision are not easily understood.作出這個決定的原因很難讓人理解。➤immediately, instantly, quickly, suddenly馬上／立刻／迅速／突然明白◇The girl understands immediately and promises to be more careful.女孩立刻就明白了，並保證會更仔細些。➤finally終於明白◇I finally understood what she meant.我終於理解了她的意思。➤instinctively, intuitively本能地明白；憑直覺理解◇She intuitively understood his need to be alone.她憑直覺就知道他需要獨處。VERB + UNDERSTAND➤be able to, can能夠理解◇I can't understand what all the fuss is about.我不明白為什麼這樣大驚小怪。➤be unable to, fail to不能夠／未能理解▸➤attempt to, hope to, seek to, strive to, try to試圖理解；希望理解；盡力理解◇Only specialists can hope to understand them.只有專家才有望理解他們。➤struggle to努力理解◇a woman struggling to understand an incomprehensible situation一位努力去理解異常複雜局勢的女性➤help (to), help sb (to)有助於／幫助某人理解▸➤begin to, start to開始理解➤come to, learn to逐步／學會理解◇We came to understand why certain things happened in certain ways.我們逐步理解了為什麼有些事情會以特定方式發生。◇She soon learnt to understand English.她很快就學會了英語。➤appear to, seem to好像／似乎理解➤claim to聲稱理解◇I don't claim to understand it.我不敢說懂這個。➤be easy to, be simple to容易理解；好理解▸➤be difficult to, be hard to難理解◇It is difficult to understand why he reacted in that way.很難理解他為什麼會有那樣的反應。PREPOSITION➤about瞭解⋯◇We understand little about this disease.對於這種病，我們知之甚少。➤as理解為⋯◇These beliefs are best understood as a form of escapism.對這些信仰的最恰當解讀是將其理解為一種對現實的逃避。PHRASES➤be commonly understood, be generally understood, be popularly understood通常被理解為◇What is generally understood by 'democracy'?對“民主”的一般理解是什麼？➤be imperfectly understood, be incompletely understood, be poorly understood對⋯瞭解不夠；對⋯不清楚◇The effects of these chemicals on the body are still poorly understood.這些化學品對身體的影響還不太清楚。➤be universally understood, be widely understood被普遍／廣泛瞭解
TOEFL BNC: 391 COCA: 320
understand verb
⇨ understand 1 (understand French/how sth works) ⇨ understand 2 (understand how sb feels) ⇨ agree 3 (I thought it was understood that I would be paid.) ⇨ conclude (Am I to understand that you refuse?)understand1

verb

 understand French/how sth works 懂法語；知道某事物如何運行understand how sb feels 了解某人的感覺understand ♦︎ see ♦︎ get ♦︎ follow ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ comprehend ♦︎ catch on ♦︎ take sth inThese words all mean to know or realize sth, for example why sth happens, how sth works or what sth means. 這些詞均表示懂得、理解、明白。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to understand / see / get / follow / grasp / comprehend / catch on to / take in what / why / how...◆to understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in that...◆to understand / get / grasp / take in the meaning (of sth)◆to understand / see / get / grasp the point / idea (of sth)◆to understand / grasp a concept / principle◆to understand / follow the instructions◆can / can't understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to try to understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to begin to understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to be easy / difficult / hard to understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in◆to easily understand / see / grasp / comprehend◆to (not) quite understand / see / get / follow / grasp sth◆to fully understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in sth■ understand (understood, understood) [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用於進行時) to know or realize the meaning of words, a language, what sb says, etc.; to know or realize how or why sth happens, how it works or why it is important 懂，理解，領會（詞義、語言、話語等）；了解，明白（事情如何或爲何發生、如何起作用或爲何重要等）◆Do you understand French?你懂法語嗎？◆He couldn't understand what she was saying.他弄不懂她在說些什麽。◆Doctors still don't understand much about the disease.醫生對這種疾病還不太了解。◆The disease is still not fully understood.對這種疾病的了解還不充分。◆I could never understand why she was fired.我怎麽也不明白她爲何被解僱。◆I just don't understand!我就是想不通！◆I don't want you doing that again. Do you understand?我不許你再那樣做，聽明白了嗎？OPP misunderstand ⇨ misunderstand ■ see (saw, seen) [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用於進行時) (especially spoken) to understand what is happening, what sb is saying, how sth works or how important sth is 理解，明白，領會（正在發生的事、某人的話、某事物如何起作用或有多重要）◆'It opens like this.' 'Oh, I see.'“這樣就打開了。”“哦，我明白了。”◆You see, she only heard about the plan yesterday.要知道，她昨天才得知這個計劃。◆I don't think she saw the point of the story.我覺得她沒有領會故事的中心意思。◆Oh yes, I see what you mean.噢，我明白你的意思了。◆Can't you see that he's taking advantage of you?他在利用你，難道你看不出來？■ get [transitive] (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用於進行時) (informal, especially spoken) to understand a joke, what sb is trying to tell you, or a situation that they are trying to describe 理解，明白（笑話、某人試圖告知的事或描述的情況）◆She didn't get the joke.她沒聽懂那笑話。◆I don't get you.我不懂你的意思。◆I don't get it－why would she do a thing like that?我不明白，她怎麽會幹那種事？◆I get the message－you don't want me to come.我懂你的意思了，你是不希望我來。■ follow [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用於進行時) to understand an explanation, a story or the meaning of sth 理解，明白（說明、故事或意思）◆Sorry－I don't quite follow.對不起，我不太明白。◆I don't follow you.我聽不懂你的話。◆The plot is almost impossible to follow.故事情節幾乎叫人不明所以。■ grasp grɑːsp; NAmE græsp [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用於進行時) to come to understand a fact, an idea or how to do sth 認識到，理解，領會（事實、想法或如何做某事）◆They failed to grasp the importance of his words.他們沒能理解他的話的重要性。◆She was unable to grasp how to do it.她沒弄明白這事該怎麽做。NOTE 辨析 Understand or grasp?You can use understand or grasp for the action of realizing the meaning or importance of sth for the first time. 第一次意識到某事的意義或重要性可用understand或grasp◆It's a difficult concept for children to understand / grasp.對孩子來說，這是個很難理解的概念。For the state of knowing the meaning or importance of sth, use understand or have grasped. 表示對某事的意義或重要性已有所認識可用understand或have grasped◆By this time, engineers understood / had grasped the basic principles of aerodynamics.那時候，工程師已經掌握了空氣動力學的基本原理。◆By this time, engineers grasped the basic principles... Only understand can be used to talk about languages, words or writing. 只有understand可指理解語言、詞義或文章等◆I don't grasp French/the instructions. ■ comprehend ˌkɒmprɪˈhend; NAmE ˌkɑːmprɪˈhend [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses; often used in negative statements 不用於進行時，常用於否定陳述) (formal) to understand a fact, idea or reason 理解，領悟，明白（事實、想法或原因）◆The concept of infinity is almost impossible for the human mind to comprehend.“無窮”這個概念幾乎是人類的大腦無法理解的。◆He stood staring at the body, unable to comprehend.他站在那裏，盯着那具屍體，弄不明白是怎麽回事。■ ˌcatch ˈon

phrasal verb

(caught, caught) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用於進行時) (informal, especially spoken) to come to understand a situation 弄明白；搞清楚◆She still didn't catch on, even after all those hints.給了那麽多暗示，她竟然還是沒弄懂。◆He finally caught on to what was going on.他終於明白了正在發生的事。■ ˌtake sth ˈin

phrasal verb

(took, taken) (often used in negative statements 常用於否定陳述) to understand and remember sth that you hear or read 理解並記住（聽到或讀到的東西）◆I realized I was reading without taking anything in.我意識到我什麽都沒讀懂。understand2

verb

 understand French/how sth works 懂法語；知道某事物如何運行understand how sb feels 了解某人的感覺understand ♦︎ relate to sb/sth ♦︎ identify with sb/sth ♦︎ empathizeThese words all mean to know, realize or share what sb else feels or experiences. 這些詞均表示了解、諒解、同情。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to try to understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆to be able / unable to understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆I, you, he, etc. can / could understand / relate to / identify with / empathize with sb / sth◆It's easy / difficult / hard to understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆to really / totally understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆to easily understand / relate to / identify with (sb / sth)■ understand (understood, understood) [transitive, intransitive] to know sb's character, how they feel and why they behave in the way they do 了解；諒解；體諒◆Nobody understands me.沒有人了解我。◆He doesn't understand women at all.他根本就不了解女性。◆They understand what I have been through.他們對我的遭遇很同情。◆If you want to leave early, I'm sure he'll understand.如果你想早點離開，我相信他會體諒的。  see also understanding ⇨ sensitive 1 ■ reˈlate to sb/sth

phrasal verb

to be able to understand and have sympathy with sb/sth 理解並同情；認同；體恤◆Many adults can't relate to children.許多成年人並不了解兒童的想法。◆Our product needs an image that people can relate to.我們的産品需要一個大衆能認同的形象。■ iˈdentify with sb/sth

phrasal verb

to feel that you can understand and share the feelings of sb else, especially because you feel that you are similar to them or are in a similar situation 與⋯産生共鳴；感同身受◆I didn't enjoy the book because I couldn't identify with any of the main characters.我不喜歡這本書，因爲我無法與其中的任何主要角色産生共鳴。NOTE 辨析 Relate to sb/sth or identify with sb/sth? Relate to sb/sth is often used to talk about personal relationships. It can describe how successful a relationship is, for example between teacher and student, parent and child, boss and employee, etc. * relate to sb/sth常用來談論人際關系，可形容某種關系是多麽融洽，如師生間、親子間、老板與僱員間的關系等◆He's a successful and popular teacher because he really relates to the children.他是個成功且受歡迎的教師，因爲他確實了解孩子們的想法。If you identify with sb, you feel that you are similar to them in some way or that you have shared the same experiences. It often describes people's positive feelings towards characters in a book or film or famous people such as writers or actors. * identify with sb表示你覺得自己在某種程度上與某人相似或者有相同的經歷，常用以描述人們對書或電影中的人物或作家、演員之類的名人所懷有的正面感情◆Which character do you identify with most, the father or his son?你和裏面哪個人物最能産生共鳴，父親還是兒子？ ■ empathize (BrE also empathise) ˈempəθaɪz [intransitive] to understand another person's feelings and experiences, especially because you can imagine yourself in a similar situation 有同感；産生共鳴◆A glamorous 20-year-old stylist is unlikely to empathize with a working mother of three.一個光鮮的20歲發型師是不可能跟一名有三個孩子的在職母親産生共鳴的。   see also empathy ⇨ bond , sympathize ⇨ sorry for sb

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