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TOEFL BNC: 391 COCA: 320
understand
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verb [never progressive] /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstænd/
present tense
I/you/we/theyunderstand
he/she/itunderstands
present participleunderstanding
past tenseunderstood
past participleunderstood
  1. 1
    [I/T] to know what someone or something means 理解；懂得；明白

    If you don't understand, just put your hand up. 如果你们不懂，就请举手。

    The instructions were difficult to understand. 这些指令很难懂。

    I don't understand a word you're saying. 你说的我一个字也听不懂。

    Luke nodded as if he understood perfectly. 卢克点点头，似乎完全明白了。

    understand what/where/whether etc :

    I don't quite understand where you want me to put it. 我不太明白你要我把它放在什么地方。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something: understand, know, work out...
    1. a.
      to know what something spoken or written in a particular language means 懂（某种语言）

      I'm sorry, I don't understand French. 对不起，我不懂法语。

       Synonyms and related words
      To understand something: understand, know, work out...
  2. 2
    [I/T] to know how or why something happens, or what effect or influence something has 了解；认识到；意识到

    Do they fully understand the implications of their decision? 他们完全认识到自己所作决定的含意了吗？

    understand how/why/what etc :

    We are only beginning to understand how the brain functions. 我们才开始了解大脑是怎样工作的。

    understand (that) :

    Please try to understand that we want the best for you. 你要知道我们都是为你好。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something: understand, know, work out...
  3. 3
    [I/T] to know how someone feels or why someone does something, as a result of experience or by imagining what it must be like to be them 了解，理解（某人的感受或动机）

    He says his wife doesn't understand him. 他说他的妻子不理解他。

    I understand your concern, but the operation is completely safe. 我了解你担心什么，但手术是完全没有危险的。

    I can understand your reluctance to talk about what happened. 我能理解你为什么不愿谈发生的一切。

    understand how/why/what :

    Does she understand why he doesn't want to see her? 她明白他为什么不想见她吗？

    understand someone/someone's doing something :

    I can understand him not inviting Joan (=understand why he does not invite her). 我能理解他为什么没邀请琼。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something: understand, know, work out...
  4. 4
    [T] formal to believe that something is true because you have heard or read it somewhere 听说；得知；获悉
    understand (that) :

    We understand that a major announcement is to be made tomorrow. 我们听说明天有重要消息要宣布。

    be understood to do something :

    Mr Lang is understood to favour more traditional teaching methods. 据悉兰先生喜欢使用更传统的教学方法。

    it is understood that :

    It is understood that £2.5 million has been set aside to develop the scheme. 据说已留出250万英镑来发展该计划。

     Synonyms and related words
    To believe or accept that something is true or exists: think, believe in, suppose...
  5. 5
    [T] [usually passive] to recognize that a word or phrase is missing in a sentence and that you have to imagine that it is there 省略

    The object of the verb is understood with words such as ‘to smoke' and ‘to read'. 诸如 to smoke 和to read 等动词的宾语都省略了。

     Synonyms and related words
    To understand something or someone in a particular way: make out, interpret, perceive...
Metaphor: understand
Understanding something is like seeing it. If it is easy to understand, it is easy to see. 理解某事物就像看见（seeing）某事物。如果容易理解，也就容易看见。
  • I see what you mean. 我明白你的意思。
  • I saw through him at once: I knew he was lying. 我一下就看穿了他：我知道他在撒谎。
  • They recognized the fact that they needed to improve. 他们意识到他们需要改进。
  • She has great insight and will know what to do. 她有很强的洞察力，知道该怎么做。
  • I could not foresee what would happen. 我无法预见将会发生什么。
  • He's very clear-sighted. 他很有眼力。
  • There was a change in the public perception of education. 公众的教育观念发生了变化。
  • The answer is very obvious. 答案非常明显。
  • I'm unclear about what they did next. 我不清楚他们接下来干了什么。
  • She had a clear understanding of what was involved. 她很清楚其中涉及了什么事。
  • Their motives are transparent. 他们的动机显而易见。
  • How did you know? You must have read my mind. 你怎么知道的？你一定是看穿了我的心思。
  • I can read him like a book. 我能看透他的心思。
  • They turned a blind eye to what was happening there. 他们假装没看见那儿正在发生的事情。
Understanding something is like holding or touching it. 理解某事物就像握住(holding)或触摸(touching)某事物。
  • She has a good grasp of Japanese. 她精通日语。
  • I need to get to grips with the subject. 我需要开始对付这个问题了。
  • I'm still grappling with the basics. 我仍在努力解决基本性的问题。
  • I couldn't put my finger on it, but there was definitely something wrong. 我不能准确地指出来，但肯定是有问题。
  • You've certainly got your finger on the pulse. 你的消息确实很灵通。
  • Such abstract concepts can be very slippery. 这些抽象的概念会很难把握。
  • It's quite a difficult idea to get hold of. 这是个很难理解的想法。
➡  intelligence, knowledge, mind, opinion
TOEFL BNC: 391 COCA: 320
understand

verb

ADVERB | VERB + UNDERSTAND | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤clearly, well清楚地／很好地理解▸➤completely, fully, perfectly, quite, thoroughly, totally, truly充分理解；完全理解；相當理解；徹底理解；真正理解◇I fully understand the reason for your decision.我完全理解你作出這一決定的理由。➤better更好地理解◇These categories help us to better understand our readers.這些類別有助於我們更好地理解我們的讀者。➤not really, not truly不十分理解；沒有真正理解◇Her actions wounded him in a way he did not really understand.她的行為傷害了他，但他也不太明白是如何傷害的。➤not necessarily不一定理解◇They won't necessarily understand the pros and cons of the matter.他們不一定理解這件事的利與弊。➤not entirely, partially不完全／部份理解◇a complex topic which I only partially understand一個我只能部份理解的複雜話題➤barely, hardly幾乎不能理解◇I could barely understand a word of his story.他的故事我幾乎一個字都沒聽懂。➤adequately充分理解▸➤accurately, correctly, precisely, properly, rightly準確地／正確地／精確地／恰當地／確切地理解◇If I've understood you correctly...如果我對你的話理解得沒錯⋯➤easily, readily容易理解；易於明白◇The reasons for this decision are not easily understood.作出這個決定的原因很難讓人理解。➤immediately, instantly, quickly, suddenly馬上／立刻／迅速／突然明白◇The girl understands immediately and promises to be more careful.女孩立刻就明白了，並保證會更仔細些。➤finally終於明白◇I finally understood what she meant.我終於理解了她的意思。➤instinctively, intuitively本能地明白；憑直覺理解◇She intuitively understood his need to be alone.她憑直覺就知道他需要獨處。VERB + UNDERSTAND➤be able to, can能夠理解◇I can't understand what all the fuss is about.我不明白為什麼這樣大驚小怪。➤be unable to, fail to不能夠／未能理解▸➤attempt to, hope to, seek to, strive to, try to試圖理解；希望理解；盡力理解◇Only specialists can hope to understand them.只有專家才有望理解他們。➤struggle to努力理解◇a woman struggling to understand an incomprehensible situation一位努力去理解異常複雜局勢的女性➤help (to), help sb (to)有助於／幫助某人理解▸➤begin to, start to開始理解➤come to, learn to逐步／學會理解◇We came to understand why certain things happened in certain ways.我們逐步理解了為什麼有些事情會以特定方式發生。◇She soon learnt to understand English.她很快就學會了英語。➤appear to, seem to好像／似乎理解➤claim to聲稱理解◇I don't claim to understand it.我不敢說懂這個。➤be easy to, be simple to容易理解；好理解▸➤be difficult to, be hard to難理解◇It is difficult to understand why he reacted in that way.很難理解他為什麼會有那樣的反應。PREPOSITION➤about瞭解⋯◇We understand little about this disease.對於這種病，我們知之甚少。➤as理解為⋯◇These beliefs are best understood as a form of escapism.對這些信仰的最恰當解讀是將其理解為一種對現實的逃避。PHRASES➤be commonly understood, be generally understood, be popularly understood通常被理解為◇What is generally understood by 'democracy'?對“民主”的一般理解是什麼？➤be imperfectly understood, be incompletely understood, be poorly understood對⋯瞭解不夠；對⋯不清楚◇The effects of these chemicals on the body are still poorly understood.這些化學品對身體的影響還不太清楚。➤be universally understood, be widely understood被普遍／廣泛瞭解
TOEFL BNC: 391 COCA: 320
understand verb
⇨ understand 1 (understand French/how sth works) ⇨ understand 2 (understand how sb feels) ⇨ agree 3 (I thought it was understood that I would be paid.) ⇨ conclude (Am I to understand that you refuse?)understand1

verb

 understand French/how sth works 懂法语；知道某事物如何运行understand how sb feels 了解某人的感觉understand ♦︎ see ♦︎ get ♦︎ follow ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ comprehend ♦︎ catch on ♦︎ take sth inThese words all mean to know or realize sth, for example why sth happens, how sth works or what sth means. 这些词均表示懂得、理解、明白。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to understand / see / get / follow / grasp / comprehend / catch on to / take in what / why / how...◆to understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in that...◆to understand / get / grasp / take in the meaning (of sth)◆to understand / see / get / grasp the point / idea (of sth)◆to understand / grasp a concept / principle◆to understand / follow the instructions◆can / can't understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to try to understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to begin to understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to be easy / difficult / hard to understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in◆to easily understand / see / grasp / comprehend◆to (not) quite understand / see / get / follow / grasp sth◆to fully understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in sth■ understand (understood, understood) [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to know or realize the meaning of words, a language, what sb says, etc.; to know or realize how or why sth happens, how it works or why it is important 懂，理解，领会（词义、语言、话语等）；了解，明白（事情如何或为何发生、如何起作用或为何重要等）◆Do you understand French?你懂法语吗？◆He couldn't understand what she was saying.他弄不懂她在说些什么。◆Doctors still don't understand much about the disease.医生对这种疾病还不太了解。◆The disease is still not fully understood.对这种疾病的了解还不充分。◆I could never understand why she was fired.我怎么也不明白她为何被解雇。◆I just don't understand!我就是想不通！◆I don't want you doing that again. Do you understand?我不许你再那样做，听明白了吗？OPP misunderstand ⇨ misunderstand ■ see (saw, seen) [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (especially spoken) to understand what is happening, what sb is saying, how sth works or how important sth is 理解，明白，领会（正在发生的事、某人的话、某事物如何起作用或有多重要）◆'It opens like this.' 'Oh, I see.'“这样就打开了。”“哦，我明白了。”◆You see, she only heard about the plan yesterday.要知道，她昨天才得知这个计划。◆I don't think she saw the point of the story.我觉得她没有领会故事的中心意思。◆Oh yes, I see what you mean.噢，我明白你的意思了。◆Can't you see that he's taking advantage of you?他在利用你，难道你看不出来？■ get [transitive] (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (informal, especially spoken) to understand a joke, what sb is trying to tell you, or a situation that they are trying to describe 理解，明白（笑话、某人试图告知的事或描述的情况）◆She didn't get the joke.她没听懂那笑话。◆I don't get you.我不懂你的意思。◆I don't get it－why would she do a thing like that?我不明白，她怎么会干那种事？◆I get the message－you don't want me to come.我懂你的意思了，你是不希望我来。■ follow [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to understand an explanation, a story or the meaning of sth 理解，明白（说明、故事或意思）◆Sorry－I don't quite follow.对不起，我不太明白。◆I don't follow you.我听不懂你的话。◆The plot is almost impossible to follow.故事情节几乎叫人不明所以。■ grasp grɑːsp; NAmE græsp [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to come to understand a fact, an idea or how to do sth 认识到，理解，领会（事实、想法或如何做某事）◆They failed to grasp the importance of his words.他们没能理解他的话的重要性。◆She was unable to grasp how to do it.她没弄明白这事该怎么做。NOTE 辨析 Understand or grasp?You can use understand or grasp for the action of realizing the meaning or importance of sth for the first time. 第一次意识到某事的意义或重要性可用understand或grasp◆It's a difficult concept for children to understand / grasp.对孩子来说，这是个很难理解的概念。For the state of knowing the meaning or importance of sth, use understand or have grasped. 表示对某事的意义或重要性已有所认识可用understand或have grasped◆By this time, engineers understood / had grasped the basic principles of aerodynamics.那时候，工程师已经掌握了空气动力学的基本原理。◆By this time, engineers grasped the basic principles... Only understand can be used to talk about languages, words or writing. 只有understand可指理解语言、词义或文章等◆I don't grasp French/the instructions. ■ comprehend ˌkɒmprɪˈhend; NAmE ˌkɑːmprɪˈhend [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses; often used in negative statements 不用于进行时，常用于否定陈述) (formal) to understand a fact, idea or reason 理解，领悟，明白（事实、想法或原因）◆The concept of infinity is almost impossible for the human mind to comprehend.“无穷”这个概念几乎是人类的大脑无法理解的。◆He stood staring at the body, unable to comprehend.他站在那里，盯着那具尸体，弄不明白是怎么回事。■ ˌcatch ˈon

phrasal verb

(caught, caught) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (informal, especially spoken) to come to understand a situation 弄明白；搞清楚◆She still didn't catch on, even after all those hints.给了那么多暗示，她竟然还是没弄懂。◆He finally caught on to what was going on.他终于明白了正在发生的事。■ ˌtake sth ˈin

phrasal verb

(took, taken) (often used in negative statements 常用于否定陈述) to understand and remember sth that you hear or read 理解并记住（听到或读到的东西）◆I realized I was reading without taking anything in.我意识到我什么都没读懂。understand2

verb

 understand French/how sth works 懂法语；知道某事物如何运行understand how sb feels 了解某人的感觉understand ♦︎ relate to sb/sth ♦︎ identify with sb/sth ♦︎ empathizeThese words all mean to know, realize or share what sb else feels or experiences. 这些词均表示了解、谅解、同情。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to try to understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆to be able / unable to understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆I, you, he, etc. can / could understand / relate to / identify with / empathize with sb / sth◆It's easy / difficult / hard to understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆to really / totally understand / relate to / identify with / empathize (with) (sb / sth)◆to easily understand / relate to / identify with (sb / sth)■ understand (understood, understood) [transitive, intransitive] to know sb's character, how they feel and why they behave in the way they do 了解；谅解；体谅◆Nobody understands me.没有人了解我。◆He doesn't understand women at all.他根本就不了解女性。◆They understand what I have been through.他们对我的遭遇很同情。◆If you want to leave early, I'm sure he'll understand.如果你想早点离开，我相信他会体谅的。  see also understanding ⇨ sensitive 1 ■ reˈlate to sb/sth

phrasal verb

to be able to understand and have sympathy with sb/sth 理解并同情；认同；体恤◆Many adults can't relate to children.许多成年人并不了解儿童的想法。◆Our product needs an image that people can relate to.我们的产品需要一个大众能认同的形象。■ iˈdentify with sb/sth

phrasal verb

to feel that you can understand and share the feelings of sb else, especially because you feel that you are similar to them or are in a similar situation 与⋯产生共鸣；感同身受◆I didn't enjoy the book because I couldn't identify with any of the main characters.我不喜欢这本书，因为我无法与其中的任何主要角色产生共鸣。NOTE 辨析 Relate to sb/sth or identify with sb/sth? Relate to sb/sth is often used to talk about personal relationships. It can describe how successful a relationship is, for example between teacher and student, parent and child, boss and employee, etc. * relate to sb/sth常用来谈论人际关系，可形容某种关系是多么融洽，如师生间、亲子间、老板与雇员间的关系等◆He's a successful and popular teacher because he really relates to the children.他是个成功且受欢迎的教师，因为他确实了解孩子们的想法。If you identify with sb, you feel that you are similar to them in some way or that you have shared the same experiences. It often describes people's positive feelings towards characters in a book or film or famous people such as writers or actors. * identify with sb表示你觉得自己在某种程度上与某人相似或者有相同的经历，常用以描述人们对书或电影中的人物或作家、演员之类的名人所怀有的正面感情◆Which character do you identify with most, the father or his son?你和里面哪个人物最能产生共鸣，父亲还是儿子？ ■ empathize (BrE also empathise) ˈempəθaɪz [intransitive] to understand another person's feelings and experiences, especially because you can imagine yourself in a similar situation 有同感；产生共鸣◆A glamorous 20-year-old stylist is unlikely to empathize with a working mother of three.一个光鲜的20岁发型师是不可能跟一名有三个孩子的在职母亲产生共鸣的。   see also empathy ⇨ bond , sympathize ⇨ sorry for sb

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